Browse the evidence

Weight management interventions in primary care generate little more than 1 kg of weight loss per patient over a 2-year period.

Practitioners should consider the limited effectiveness of current weight management strategies.

Only 8% of cardiac rehabilitation programs in the United States currently deliver behavioral weight programs.

Practitioners should be aware that a majority of cardiac rehabilitation programs do not currently offer behavioral weight loss support.

The new dietary guidelines represent a mix of progress and lost opportunities.

Practitioners should be aware of both the advancements and shortcomings of the guidelines.

Increased carbohydrate oxidation correlated with the excess carbohydrate intake, accounting for 68 +/- 13% of the excess.

Understanding carbohydrate oxidation can help in designing dietary interventions for weight management.

Having a normal body weight does not automatically imply preserved metabolic health.

Practitioners should assess metabolic health beyond just body weight.

There is evidence for the presence of metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUHNW) and metabolically healthy obese (MHO) phenotypes.

Understanding these phenotypes can guide personalized treatment approaches.

In male subjects under sedentary conditions, 24-h fat oxidation is positively related to body fat mass and negatively related to VO2max.

For practitioners, this suggests that improving aerobic fitness may help reduce body fat in males.

There is no relationship between VO2max and 24-h energy expenditure under sedentary conditions.

This indicates that simply having a higher fitness level may not increase daily energy expenditure in sedentary individuals.

Short-acting GLP-1 receptor agonists are associated with an increased risk of erosive reflux disease (ERD) with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.215.

Clinicians should be cautious when prescribing short-acting GLP-1 RAs to patients with type 2 diabetes due to the increased risk of ERD.

Short-acting GLP-1 receptor agonists are associated with an increased risk of oesophageal stricture with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.284.

Healthcare providers should monitor for signs of oesophageal stricture in patients using short-acting GLP-1 RAs.

Short-acting GLP-1 receptor agonists are associated with an increased risk of Barrett's esophagus with dysplasia with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.505.

Clinicians should be aware of the potential risk of Barrett's esophagus with dysplasia in patients prescribed short-acting GLP-1 RAs.

Hyperglycemia reduces free fatty acid (FFA) turnover by 30% (29 +/- 2 vs. 20 +/- 3 mumol.kg fat mass-1.min-1, P less than 0.05).

Practitioners should consider that elevated glucose levels can significantly impact lipid metabolism.

Glycerol turnover, representing lipolysis, is also reduced by hyperglycemia (9.4 +/- 0.9 vs. 6.2 +/- 0.7 mumol.kg fat mass-1.min-1, P less than 0.05).

Elevated glucose levels can inhibit lipolysis, affecting fat metabolism.

Glucose regulates lipid metabolism independently of changes in hormone concentrations.

Practitioners should recognize that glucose levels can influence lipid metabolism without hormonal involvement.

On average, weight gain during the 6-week winter period from Thanksgiving through New Year averaged only 0.37 kg.

Practitioners should note that holiday weight gain may be less than expected.

14% of individuals in the study gained more than 2.3 kg (5 lb) during the holiday season.

Practitioners should be aware that overweight or obese individuals may be at higher risk for significant holiday weight gain.

Increased consumption of carbohydrates is associated with obesity and increased risk of mortality.

Reducing carbohydrate intake may be beneficial for weight management and reducing mortality risk.

Current cardiovascular risk scores do not include obesity or fat distribution as independent factors.

Practitioners should consider obesity and fat distribution in cardiovascular risk assessments.

Machine learning techniques can enhance the ability to forecast obesity outcomes accurately.

Implementing machine learning can lead to better early detection and prediction of obesity.

The exercise goal of 10,000 steps/day was unachievable for the participants.

Practitioners should consider setting realistic exercise goals for pregnant women to enhance adherence.

Exercise training blunts the acute exercise-induced activation of BCOAD in human skeletal muscle.

Regular exercise may reduce the immediate activation of BCOAD, potentially affecting BCAA metabolism.

GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are associated with accelerated facial aging and altered skin health.

Clinicians should be aware of the potential for accelerated facial aging in patients treated with GLP-1RAs.

The accelerated facial aging observed in GLP-1RA patients is multifactorial, involving loss of dermal and subcutaneous white adipose tissue.

Understanding the multifactorial nature of aging can guide treatment approaches for affected patients.

Treatment strategies targeting adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) stimulation may mitigate facial aging effects from GLP-1RAs.

Clinicians may consider ADSC-targeted treatments to improve skin health in patients using GLP-1RAs.