Browse the evidence

There are unresolved questions about simultaneous interventions for health behaviors.

Practitioners should be aware of the complexities in addressing multiple health behaviors simultaneously.

Better access to bariatric surgery has potential to reduce long term costs of care.

Healthcare systems should consider policies to improve access to bariatric surgery to manage costs.

Fatty acids can reshape the bioavailability of eicosanoids and other lipid mediators.

Recognizing how fatty acids affect lipid mediators can inform dietary choices for managing inflammation.

During pregnancy, women became gradually less active and were 25% less active than non-pregnant, non-lactating women in the month before giving birth.

Practitioners should consider the decrease in activity levels during late pregnancy when advising on physical activity.

Lactating women were active 55% of the 15-hour working day during the dry season, which increased to 92% at the start of the farming season.

Understanding seasonal activity patterns can help in planning nutritional support for lactating women.

The intense activity of pregnant women during the farming season, coupled with low food intakes, is most probably responsible for the striking fall in birth weights observed at this time of the year.

Healthcare providers should be aware of the impact of activity and nutrition on birth weight in pregnant women.

Cognitive scores were lower with increasing BF percentage and VAT.

Monitoring body fat percentage and visceral fat may be important for cognitive health.

Recent technological advances highlight opportunities to expand model applications to new subject groups and measured components such as total body protein.

Practitioners should consider integrating new technologies for more comprehensive assessments of body composition.

There is considerable clinical skepticism about the role of dietary fat and fatty acids in efforts to reduce CHD.

Clinicians should be aware of the skepticism surrounding dietary fat recommendations for CHD.

The benefits of chronic high-carbohydrate diets on endurance performance are not clearly established.

Further research is needed to clarify the effects of long-term high-carbohydrate diets on endurance performance.

There is some evidence that excess adiposity presages increases in cortisol concentrations, rather than the reverse.

Practitioners should be cautious in interpreting the relationship between adiposity and cortisol changes.

Higher free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations during exercise do not significantly alter the relative contributions of carbohydrate or lipid oxidation to total energy expenditure after glucose feeding.

Practitioners can consider that elevated FFA levels during exercise do not significantly impact carbohydrate or lipid oxidation when glucose is ingested.

Increased availability of circulating free fatty acids (FFA) inhibits the rate of glycolysis in heart and resting skeletal muscle.

This suggests that practitioners should be aware of the inhibitory effects of elevated FFA on glycolysis during exercise.

The relative contributions of carbohydrate and lipid oxidation to total energy expenditure were different only during the first 30 min of exercise with elevated FFA levels.

Practitioners should note that the impact of elevated FFA on substrate utilization is time-dependent during prolonged exercise.

The mean LDL-C concentration for whole bean soy milk and soy protein isolate milk was not significantly different from each other.

Both types of soy milk can be considered equally effective in terms of LDL-C impact.

Quadriceps cross-sectional area decreased by 5.7% +/- 1.1% following immobilization (p < 0.0001).

Practitioners should be aware that immobilization can significantly reduce muscle cross-sectional area.

Ubiquitin-protein conjugates were elevated at 2 days of immobilization (12%, p < 0.05) but were not different from baseline at 14 days.

Early increases in protein ubiquitination may indicate initial muscle stress, but this does not persist.

Insulin decreases the expression of genes involved in oxidative metabolism in healthy muscle through reduced FoxO1 phosphorylation and nuclear exclusion.

This finding highlights the importance of insulin in regulating oxidative metabolism in healthy individuals.

Insulin resistance is characterized by an impaired physiological response to insulin and is associated with central obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, and specific abnormalities of endothelial cell and vascular function.

Clinicians should recognize the multifaceted nature of insulin resistance syndrome when diagnosing and managing patients.

Pima Indians have lower sleep body core temperature (SLBCT) than Caucasians (36.45 +/- 0.10 vs 36.65 +/- 0.27 degrees C; P < 0.01).

Practitioners should consider ethnic differences in body temperature when assessing metabolic health.

Ethnic group accounted for 20% of the variance in sleep body core temperature (SLBCT) (P < 0.01).

Understanding ethnic differences in SLBCT can inform personalized health strategies.

The lower SLBCT in Pima Indians is not associated with a low metabolic rate.

Practitioners should note that lower body temperature does not necessarily indicate lower metabolism in Pima Indians.

Plasma leptin concentrations were directly related to percent body fat at baseline (r = 0.85, P < 0.0001).

Understanding the relationship between leptin and body fat can help in managing obesity and metabolic health.

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity is present throughout life and may decline with age.

Understanding BAT activity can inform strategies for managing age-related metabolic diseases.