Browse the evidence

Changes in skeletal muscle mass (SMM) are not associated with improvements in walking speed.

Improvements in walking speed may not require increases in muscle mass, focusing instead on strength and quality.

Mitochondrial membrane structure, function, and programmed cell death are regulated by the balance between mitochondrial fusion and fission.

Practitioners should consider the role of mitochondrial dynamics in health and disease.

Plasma TMAO and related metabolites were not significantly associated with type 2 diabetes risk.

The findings suggest that TMAO and related metabolites may not be useful biomarkers for predicting type 2 diabetes risk.

There were an estimated 1.73-2.20 million people with diabetes in Taiwan in 2014-2015.

Health practitioners should be aware of the significant prevalence of diabetes in Taiwan.

Future studies are needed to refine the conceptual model for smartphone technology in weight loss.

Practitioners and researchers should advocate for and participate in studies that explore smartphone technology's role in weight loss.

Conflicts of interest (COIs) from funders can introduce bias in nutritional evidence.

Practitioners should critically evaluate research findings for potential biases due to COIs.

A novel combination of common variants of HRAS1, LASS1, and APOE is associated with human lifespan and healthy aging.

Practitioners may consider the genetic profiles of HRAS1, LASS1, and APOE when assessing longevity and healthy aging.

An HRAS1 haplotype enhances the effect of an APOE haplotype on exceptional survival.

Understanding the genetic interactions may help in developing strategies for promoting longevity.

Variation in LASS1 is functional and contributes to healthy aging and greater survival in the tenth decade of life.

Practitioners should consider the role of LASS1 in promoting healthy aging.

Androstenedione supplementation is unlikely to provide male athletes with any anabolic benefit.

Athletes should be cautious about using androstenedione for performance enhancement as it may not yield expected anabolic effects.

Future randomized controlled trials should be of >12 months’ duration.

Longer studies are needed to fully assess the impact of carbohydrate restriction on glycaemic control.

A 25% caloric restriction diet for 6 months does not change growth hormone (GH), GH secretion, or insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 in nonobese men and women.

Caloric restriction may not be effective for altering GH and IGF-1 levels in nonobese individuals.

GLP1-RA treatment is not associated with a significant difference in risk of serious psychiatric adverse events compared with placebo (log[RR] = -0.02; P = .87).

GLP1-RAs can be considered safe regarding serious psychiatric events in this population.

Two weeks of traditional exercise recommendations (TER) did not improve metabolic functioning in sedentary obese men.

Traditional exercise recommendations may not lead to metabolic improvements in sedentary obese individuals.

No changes in fasting plasma glucose, insulin, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), homeostasis model assessment of insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR), body composition, and VO(2peak) were observed after training.

Short-term exercise does not lead to changes in key metabolic markers in sedentary obese individuals.

Mean PSA doubling time (PSADT) was similar between LCD (22 months) and control (15 months, P = 0.313) arms.

A low-carbohydrate diet does not adversely affect PSA doubling time in men with recurrent prostate cancer.

Immobilization does not alter mitochondrial H2O2 emission or markers of cellular redox state.

This suggests that oxidative stress may not be a significant factor in muscle atrophy during immobilization.

Pima Indians have lower fasting plasma magnesium concentration than Caucasians (0.79 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.85 +/- 0.06 mmol/L; P < 0.01).

Lower magnesium levels in Pima Indians may have implications for their metabolic health and insulin sensitivity.

There is a lack of data in female animal models or women regarding GLP-1 research.

More research is needed in female populations to understand GLP-1 effects.

Only 6.2% of the total population reported n-3 fatty acid supplement use, which did not alter median daily intake.

Practitioners should note that supplements are not widely used and do not significantly impact overall n-3 fatty acid intake.

There were no between-group differences in body composition and adaptive thermogenesis.

Practitioners should note that both diets did not significantly affect body composition or thermogenesis.

The two methods (MF-BIA and DXA) were poor predictors of each other in regards to changes in segmental measurements.

Practitioners should be cautious when interpreting segmental measurements from these methods.

There were no reported hospitalizations from severe hypoglycemia or diabetic ketoacidosis in the treated group.

The safety profile suggests that tirzepatide may be a safe option for managing T1D in this population.

There is a strong correlation between online search trends and prescriptions for semaglutide (Wegovy) with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.97.

Monitoring online search trends can provide insights into public interest in obesity medications.