Browse the evidence

Higher potassium excretion attenuated the increased cardiovascular risk associated with high sodium excretion.

Encouraging higher potassium intake may help mitigate risks from high sodium consumption.

The risk of CVD mortality was higher in participants with diabetes with low grip strength compared to those with high grip strength.

Improving grip strength may reduce CVD mortality risk in diabetic patients.

The modifiable risk factors studied contributed to approximately 64% of the population attributable fraction (PAF) for CVD and 69% of the PAF for death.

Addressing these modifiable risk factors could significantly reduce CVD and mortality rates.

Incretin therapies reduce Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) and all-cause mortality in patients with T2DM and/or established cardiovascular disease, independent of glycemic control.

If you have heart disease or high risk, these drugs offer significant protection against heart attacks and death, separate from weight loss. This benefit is a key factor in their clinical value and reimbursement decisions.

Men have a higher incidence of CVD and mortality rates compared to women.

Gender-specific strategies may be needed to address higher CVD risk in men.

Approximately 72% of the population attributable fraction (PAF) for CVD and 69% of the PAF for deaths are attributable to 12 modifiable risk factors.

Addressing modifiable risk factors could significantly reduce CVD and mortality rates.

Increases in glycemic index and glycemic load were positively associated with weight gain.

Consider the glycemic index/load of carbohydrates when managing weight.

A 100 g/day increase in starch or added sugar was associated with 1.5 kg and 0.9 kg greater weight gain over four years, respectively.

Reducing starch and added sugar intake may help mitigate weight gain.

Increased carbohydrate intake from whole grains, fruit, and non-starchy vegetables was inversely associated with weight gain.

Encouraging whole grains, fruits, and non-starchy vegetables may aid in weight control.

Current clinical guidelines recommend individualized perioperative management for GLP-1 RA users, with recent consensus shifting from mandatory discontinuation to risk-based assessment based on gastrointestinal symptoms and treatment duration.

Do not stop your GLP-1 medication on your own before surgery. Recent guidelines say you should likely keep taking it unless you have severe nausea or vomiting. Your surgical team will create a specific plan for you, possibly adjusting your fasting rules, to keep your blood sugar stable while minimizing lung risks.

Low-income Americans require greater efforts to improve their health than they currently receive.

Policymakers should prioritize health improvement initiatives for low-income populations.

Higher diet quality is inversely associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a dose-dependent manner.

Encouraging higher diet quality may help reduce the risk of NAFLD.

Higher diet quality is associated with a reduction in risk of all-cause mortality.

Improving diet quality may lower the risk of premature death.

Higher diet quality is associated with a lower risk for cancer-related mortality in the total population and among those without NAFLD.

Encouraging a high-quality diet may help reduce cancer mortality risk.

Combining CPAP therapy with weight loss (via pharmacotherapy or lifestyle) yields greater improvements in cardiovascular risk markers than treating either condition alone.

If you have sleep apnea and are overweight, don't just focus on one. Using CPAP while also working to lose weight (through diet, exercise, or medication) provides the best protection for your heart and blood pressure. Treating just one condition leaves you at higher risk.

Each 1-SD increase in TLCD score was associated with 0.06 kg more weight gain over 4 years.

Practitioners should consider the impact of total carbohydrate intake on weight management.

Each 1-SD increase in ALCD score was associated with 0.13 kg more weight gain over 4 years.

Practitioners should be aware of the potential weight gain associated with animal-based low-carbohydrate diets.

Each 1-SD increase in HLCD score was associated with 0.36 kg less weight gain over 4 years.

Practitioners should promote healthy low-carbohydrate diets to mitigate weight gain.

The carbohydrate quality index (CQI) was associated with mortality, showing a significant inverse relationship.

Practitioners may consider focusing on carbohydrate quality as it appears to influence mortality risk.

Improvements in soda consumption and BMI are concentrated among female and non-white respondents.

Targeted interventions may be necessary to address disparities in health outcomes.

Next-generation incretin-based therapies (GLP-1 and GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists) significantly reduce systolic blood pressure, with the majority of this effect mediated by weight loss, though direct tissue-specific mechanisms also contribute.

If you have high blood pressure and obesity or type 2 diabetes, GLP-1 based medications like semaglutide or tirzepatide can significantly lower your blood pressure. Most of this benefit comes from the weight loss these drugs cause, but they also have direct positive effects on your blood vessels and kidneys. While they are more expensive than standard blood pressure pills, they offer broader cardiovascular protection. Discuss with your doctor if you are a candidate, especially if you have resistant hypertension or high cardiovascular risk.

Some smaller studies show a promising positive effect of nutritional interventions on muscle thickness and function.

There may be potential benefits of nutritional interventions for muscle thickness and function, but more research is needed.

Exercise may improve glycemic control.

Incorporating specific types of exercise can be beneficial for managing blood sugar levels.

Moderate carbohydrate intake was associated with a lower risk of all-cause and non-CV mortality among Hispanic participants.

Practitioners may consider moderate carbohydrate intake beneficial for Hispanic individuals regarding mortality risk.