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Increasing weekly sets may offer additional benefits for 1RM and vastus lateralis cross-sectional area.

Practitioners may consider increasing resistance training volume to enhance strength and muscle size.

All groups demonstrated improvements in the measured outcomes.

Resistance training is effective for improving strength and muscle outcomes in females.

A 1-page diet questionnaire correlated well with formal dietary assessment and identified clinically relevant dietary interventions in a high percentage of GI patients.

Clinicians can use this simple dietary questionnaire to identify dietary issues in GI patients.

334 participants showed significant improvement in bodyweight (-3.4±6.6 kg), body mass index (-1.0±2.0 kg/m2), waist circumference (-3.8±6.4 cm), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (-5.6±18.0/-3.3±12.8 mm Hg), physical capacity (+11.4±32.6 Watt), total cholesterol (-0.16±0.94 mmol/l), HDL (+0.04±0.23 mmol/l), LDL (-0.16±0.80 mmol/l), uric acid (-31.2±69.3 μmol/l) and hemoglobin A1c (-0.13±0.52%).

The intervention led to measurable health improvements, suggesting that similar programs could be beneficial for military personnel.

27.5% of all 334 participants had reduced their body weight by 5% or more during their participation in the OIP.

A notable portion of participants achieved significant weight loss, indicating potential effectiveness of the program.

Seated knee extension exercises produced approximately 8% greater peak torque and work output compared to supine knee extension exercises.

Practitioners may consider seated knee extension exercises for improved performance in strength and work output.

Muscle thickness of the middle rectus femoris and proximal vastus lateralis increased significantly with no difference between exercise variations.

Both seated and supine positions can lead to muscle swelling, which may be beneficial for hypertrophy.

Muscle thickness of the middle vastus lateralis increased only after the seated knee extension exercise.

Seated knee extensions may be more effective for targeting the vastus lateralis for muscle growth.

Kin teams lost more weight after the intervention in the gamification and gamification with PCP sharing arms.

Practitioners may consider the social dynamics of participant pairs when implementing weight loss interventions.

Married teams lost the most weight across all 3 arms and kept it off following the intervention.

Understanding the characteristics of successful participants can inform future intervention designs.

Physical inactivity is an independent risk factor for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.

Encouraging physical activity is crucial for preventing insulin resistance.

Regular physical exercise offers an effective therapeutic intervention to improve insulin action in skeletal muscle in insulin-resistant individuals.

Implementing exercise programs can significantly aid insulin-resistant patients.

Physical inactivity is significantly associated with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).

Promoting physical activity can help improve glucose tolerance in the population.

A 20-min walk post-breakfast reduces postprandial hyperglycaemia in Early (0700 h) and Delayed (1200 h) conditions.

Encouraging a short walk after breakfast may help manage blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Delaying breakfast to 0930 or 1200 h is a low-cost strategy to improve glycaemic management in people with type 2 diabetes.

Healthcare providers can suggest delaying breakfast as a simple and cost-effective method for improving glycaemic control.

Nine weeks of plyometric training improved running economy (RE) in highly trained distance runners.

Incorporating plyometric training may enhance running efficiency for trained runners.

The plyometric training group showed a significant reduction in oxygen consumption (VO2) at 18 km.h-1 compared to the control group.

Plyometric training may lead to lower oxygen costs during high-speed running.

An energy gap of 100 kcal/day needs to be addressed for the majority of adult Americans to combat obesity.

Practitioners should consider promoting small dietary and activity changes to address this energy gap.

Modifying energy balance by 200 kcal/day is considered an achievable challenge.

Encouraging small lifestyle changes can be a practical approach to weight management.

Healthful diets are based primarily on fruits, vegetables, and grains, with smaller quantities of meat and dairy foods.

Practitioners should emphasize the inclusion of fruits, vegetables, and grains in dietary recommendations.

Healthful diets provide adequate amounts of energy and essential nutrients.

Dietary guidelines should ensure that diets are adequate in energy and essential nutrients.

Healthful diets reduce risks for diet-related chronic diseases.

Encouraging healthful diets can be a strategy to prevent chronic diseases.

GLP-1 medicines reduce food intake, body weight, insulin resistance and inflammation.

GLP-1 medicines can be considered for managing weight and metabolic health in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity.

Incretin mimetics, including glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide agonists, are first-line treatment options for type 2 diabetes and obesity.

Healthcare professionals should consider these agents as primary treatment options for managing type 2 diabetes and obesity.