Browse the evidence

Adding a GLP-1 agonist (oral semaglutide) to SGLT2 inhibitor therapy in patients with T2DM and NAFLD who have experienced SGLT2I rebound or failure significantly improves visceral adipose tissue index (VATI), subcutaneous adipose tissue index (SATI), and glycemic control (HbA1c).

If you have Type 2 Diabetes and fatty liver, and your current SGLT2 inhibitor medication (like luseogliflozin) stops working or your liver enzymes/blood sugar start to worsen, adding a GLP-1 agonist (like oral semaglutide) can significantly help reduce visceral and subcutaneous fat and improve blood sugar control. This strategy is specifically for those who do not respond well to SGLT2 inhibitors alone.

Nutritional supplementation can attenuate quadriceps muscle atrophy and promote hypertrophy following ACL injury and reconstruction through three primary mechanisms: direct stimulation of muscle protein synthesis, indirect enhancement of training capacity, and direct effects on satellite cell proliferation.

If you have had ACL surgery, do not rely on exercise alone to rebuild your thigh muscle. Incorporate nutritional strategies that support muscle protein synthesis (like adequate protein intake) and potentially supplements like creatine or caffeine (if appropriate for your rehab phase) to help your muscles grow and recover more effectively than exercise alone.

Low energy availability (energy deficit) following ACL injury can impair skeletal muscle hypertrophy and recovery, as the body may not have sufficient energy to support both healing and muscle growth.

After ACL surgery, avoid cutting calories to 'stay lean.' Your body needs sufficient energy to heal and rebuild muscle. Focus on eating enough to support your activity level and recovery, rather than restricting food intake.

Creatine supplementation may enhance muscle hypertrophy following ACL injury by increasing intramuscular phosphocreatine, thereby improving high-intensity exercise capacity, and potentially stimulating mTOR and satellite cell proliferation.

Consider creatine supplementation during the later stages of your ACL rehab when you start doing more intense exercises. It can help your muscles generate energy faster and may support muscle growth.

A high-protein breakfast (34g) containing dairy (skyr) may positively influence bone mineral content (BMC) compared to a low-protein breakfast, potentially due to higher calcium intake.

Eating a high-protein breakfast with dairy (like skyr) provides more calcium, which may help maintain or slightly increase bone mineral content over 12 weeks. This is a secondary benefit and not a primary driver for weight loss.

Female volleyball players are at high risk of Low Energy Availability (LEA), leading to negative health outcomes like menstrual dysfunction and bone loss.

Ensure you are eating enough to fuel your training. If you are feeling constantly tired, missing periods, or getting injured often, you might not be eating enough. Focus on balanced meals with enough carbohydrates, protein, and fats to support your activity level.

Rugby union athletes consume protein in a disproportionate pattern, with the majority of intake occurring at dinner, failing to meet the recommended per-meal dose of 0.4g.kg at a minimum of four eating occasions.

Stop waiting until dinner to eat your protein. Your muscles need a steady stream of amino acids, not a flood at the end of the day. Aim for at least 0.4 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight at four separate meals. If you are 100kg, that’s 40g of protein at breakfast, lunch, dinner, and a snack. Use supplements or quick whole foods (like eggs or yogurt) to hit these targets if you are busy.

Disrupted eating patterns (skipping meals or eating late) are associated with worse baseline metabolic parameters (higher HbA1c, lipids, BMI, liver enzymes) and higher prevalence of diabetic complications in Japanese T2DM patients.

For T2DM patients, consistency matters. Try to eat three meals a day and avoid eating dinner after 8 PM. This simple behavioral shift is linked to better blood sugar, lipid, and liver health outcomes, regardless of medication.

Teneligliptin (20-40 mg/day) effectively lowers HbA1c over 6-12 months regardless of eating patterns (skipping meals or late dinners), though achieving HbA1c < 7.0% is less likely in patients with disrupted patterns.

Take Teneligliptin as prescribed (20-40mg daily). It will lower your blood sugar even if you skip meals or eat dinner late. However, to get your HbA1c below 7%, you should aim for regular meals and earlier dinners.

Tailoring diabetes self-management support (DSMS) interventions with male peer leaders and gender-specific content improves engagement and outcomes for Black men with type 2 diabetes compared to standard care.

For Black men over 55 with Type 2 Diabetes, standard medical advice may not be enough due to social and cultural barriers. This protocol suggests that joining a group-led support program specifically designed for men, led by other men who understand your specific challenges, can help you stick to your diabetes management plan better than standard care alone. Look for programs that emphasize strength, competence, and peer support rather than just clinical instruction.

Pre-interventional consideration of weight loss within 30 days is a significant predictor of successful weight loss, independent of the consultation type.

If you are thinking about losing weight, act on it quickly (within a month). This 'readiness' is a strong indicator that you will succeed, especially if you combine it with professional support.

Dietary cholesterol intake between 216 and 373 mg/day is associated with the lowest all-cause mortality risk, forming a U-shaped curve where both lower and higher intakes increase mortality risk.

Aim for a daily dietary cholesterol intake of approximately 300 mg (roughly 1-2 eggs) to potentially minimize all-cause mortality risk. Avoid both very low intake (under 124 mg/day) and very high intake (over 373 mg/day), as both are associated with higher mortality risks in this study. This suggests that moderate consumption of cholesterol-rich foods is healthy, and extreme restriction may be detrimental.

High intake of dietary cholesterol is associated with higher obesity indices (Conicity Index, Abdominal Volume Index, Body Roundness Index, Weight-adjusted-waist index) in healthy adults, whereas it is associated with a lower Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP).

In this study, people who ate more than the recommended amount of cholesterol (>300 mg/day) had higher measures of body fat distribution (waist-to-height, body roundness) than those who ate less. However, they also had a better Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP). This suggests that simply cutting cholesterol might not be enough to address obesity indices, and the relationship between dietary cholesterol and heart health markers is complex and may vary by individual metabolic factors.

Total fat, saturated fat (SFA), and polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) intake have a significant moderate correlation with abdominal volume index (AVI) and body roundness index (BRI), indicating that fat quantity and specific types influence abdominal adiposity.

This study found that higher intake of total fat, saturated fat, and polyunsaturated fat is moderately correlated with higher abdominal fat levels (measured by AVI and BRI). This suggests that not just total calories, but the type of fat you eat, may influence where you store fat. Replacing some saturated fats with other types might be beneficial for managing abdominal adiposity.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Malaysia predominantly consume macronutrient proportions within the Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) guidelines for carbohydrates and protein, but consistently exceed the recommended limits for fat intake.

If you have Type 2 Diabetes, your current diet likely gets carbohydrates and protein amounts right according to Malaysian guidelines, but you are eating too much fat. To improve your dietary pattern, focus on reducing fat intake to fall within the recommended 25-35% of total energy, while maintaining your current carbohydrate and protein levels.

Weekly subcutaneous semaglutide (up to 2.4 mg) reduces BMI, HbA1c, and blood pressure, and improves self-rated quality of life in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and obesity.

For patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and obesity, weekly semaglutide injections (up to 2.4 mg) can effectively reduce weight, improve blood sugar control, and lower blood pressure, while also improving quality of life. This treatment is feasible in inpatient settings, even for those with severe mental illness, though side effects like nausea may lead some to discontinue. It should be considered as part of a comprehensive care plan including dietary advice.

Yoga interventions significantly reduce serum leptin levels and increase serum adiponectin levels in individuals with obesity or metabolic syndrome.

If you have obesity or metabolic syndrome, incorporating yoga into your routine may help improve your hormonal balance by lowering leptin (which drives hunger) and raising adiponectin (which fights inflammation). For best results, look for programs that combine yoga with dietary changes, as the hormonal benefits appear stronger when diet is also addressed.

Integrating Bluetooth-connected blood glucose meters with popular digital health therapeutics (Noom, Fitbit, Cecelia Health, Welldoc) for 3 months significantly lowers HbA1c in people with type 2 diabetes.

If you have Type 2 Diabetes and struggle with glucose control, using a Bluetooth-connected glucose meter paired with a popular health app (like Noom, Fitbit, or a coaching app) for 3 months can significantly lower your HbA1c. You don't need to test constantly (average 1.5 times/day was effective) or change your medications. The key is choosing an app that fits your lifestyle and engaging with it daily to track your progress and receive feedback.

Qingre Lishi decoction, when combined with lifestyle intervention, significantly improves glycemic control (FPG, 2hPG, eHbA1c) and reduces glycemic variability (TIR, SD, CV) in newly diagnosed overweight/obese T2DM patients compared to lifestyle intervention alone.

For newly diagnosed obese T2DM patients, adding Qingre Lishi decoction (300ml daily split into 3 doses) to standard lifestyle changes (diet/exercise) significantly improves blood sugar stability and time-in-range compared to lifestyle changes alone. This herbal intervention was shown to be safe with fewer hypoglycemic events.

Adherence to a high-quality low carbohydrate diet (high LCDS) is associated with a significant reduction in A Body Shape Index (ABSI), a marker of central obesity, independent of BMI and other confounders.

Focus on reducing refined carbohydrates and sugars while increasing fiber, healthy fats (like MUFAs), and vegetable proteins. This specific dietary pattern is linked to a reduction in abdominal fat (measured by ABSI) in middle-aged adults, even if overall weight (BMI) doesn't change significantly. Prioritize whole foods like vegetables, fruits, and dairy over strict calorie counting.

Designer foods (e.g., omega-3 enriched eggs, genetically improved grains) and dietary supplements using indigenous phytochemicals can reduce, reverse, and prevent metabolic risks such as oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction, thereby preventing cardiovascular disease.

To improve cardiovascular health, focus on consuming 'designer' foods enriched with beneficial nutrients like omega-3 fatty acids (e.g., specific eggs) and high-quality staple grains. Complement this diet with dietary supplements containing indigenous phytochemicals to target metabolic risks like inflammation and oxidative stress. This approach aims to prevent rather than just manage chronic diseases.

In multi-component weight loss interventions, high therapeutic alliance and empathic advisor-participant relationships are critical for success, whereas strict adherence to all prescribed behavioral content (e.g., goal-setting, complex motivational interviewing) is not required and may be less impactful than the interpersonal climate.

When starting a weight loss program, prioritize building a good relationship with your advisor over memorizing every single rule or completing every worksheet. Studies show that weight loss success is not determined by how much of the manual you cover, but by the quality of the support and empathy you receive. Focus on consistent, manageable changes and maintain open communication with your advisor.

Adherence to a high-quality carbohydrate diet (high fiber, low glycemic index, high whole-grain ratio, high solid-to-liquid carbohydrate ratio) is associated with a significantly lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome, primarily driven by reduced hypertriglyceridemia.

To lower your risk of metabolic syndrome, focus on the quality of your carbohydrates rather than just cutting them out. Prioritize foods high in dietary fiber, whole grains, and those with a low glycemic index, while minimizing liquid carbohydrates like sugary drinks and refined grains. This shift specifically helps lower triglyceride levels, a key component of metabolic health.

Excessive intake of dietary fat and carbohydrates is significantly associated with elevated blood lipid profiles (high LDL, triglycerides, and total cholesterol) in patients with coronary heart disease.

If you have coronary heart disease, your blood lipid levels are strongly linked to how much fat and carbohydrates you eat. The study shows that eating too much of either significantly increases your risk of having high cholesterol and triglycerides. To help manage your condition, prioritize consulting a dietitian to create a low-fat diet plan and ensure your carbohydrate intake is balanced, rather than consuming excessive amounts of either.