Research
Cellular
The intake of calcium from food sources was inversely related to PMS; women with the highest intake (median, 1283 mg/d) had a relative risk of 0.70 compared to those with a low intake (median, 529 mg/d).
Clinicians may consider recommending higher calcium intake to reduce PMS risk.
StrongSupportsmedium confidence
the intake of calcium from food sources was also inversely related to PMS; compared with women with a low intake (median, 529 mg/d), participants with the highest intake (median, 1283 mg/d) had a relative risk of 0.70 (95% confidence interval, 0.50-0.97)
Why this rating
Based on a case-control study nested within a large prospective cohort.
Source
Calcium and Vitamin D Intake and Risk of Incident Premenstrual Syndrome
Elizabeth R. Bertone‐Johnson et al. · Archives of Internal Medicine · 2005
DOI 10.1001/archinte.165.11.1246
cohort · n=3025Cited 208×
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
More from this paper
Related findings · Cellular
- Athletes aiming to reduce fat mass and preserve FFM should consume protein intakes in the range of ∼1.8-2.7 g kg(-1) d(-1).Strong
- A minimum daily protein intake of ≥1.6 g/kg is necessary to observe significant improvements in muscle mass from whey protein supplementation.Strong
- Most athletes ideally need 1.2 to 2.0 grams/kg of body weight/day of protein, preferably split across 3-4 meals.Strong
This is one finding among thousands. Every one is graded and traced to its source, so you can see what the evidence actually supports. Browse the research →