Research
Cellular
The oxidative stress markers, 4-HNE adducts and protein carbonyls, did not change at any time point.
Practitioners can conclude that immobilization does not significantly increase oxidative stress markers in muscle.
StrongRefutesmedium confidence
The oxidative stress markers, 4-HNE adducts and protein carbonyls, did not change at any time point.
Why this rating
The lack of change in markers is clearly stated and supported by the study design.
Source
Little change in markers of protein breakdown and oxidative stress in humans in immobilization-induced skeletal muscle atrophy
Elisa I. Glover et al. · Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism · 2010
DOI 10.1139/h09-137
cohort · n=21Cited 79×
Read the paper DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10
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