Browse the evidence

A nutritionist’s viewpoint is expected to be governed largely by objective, peer-reviewed science.

Practitioners should emphasize evidence-based practices in nutrition counseling.

The type of muscular contraction (eccentric or concentric) does not affect muscle protein FSR.

Practitioners can choose either contraction type without concern for differences in muscle protein synthesis outcomes.

Sarcopenic diabetes is recognized as a distinct clinical condition that requires more awareness and research.

There is a need for increased focus on sarcopenic diabetes in clinical practice and research.

Serum or adipose L-aspartate levels were found to be negatively correlated with the severity of obesity in both humans and mice.

Monitoring L-aspartate levels could be relevant in assessing obesity risk.

Myonuclear accretion and satellite cell (SC) content did not significantly differ between the MIS and COL groups after 10 weeks of RET.

Both types of supplementation may not significantly affect myonuclear and satellite cell content during resistance training.

GLP-1RAs can cause gastrointestinal adverse events such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

Healthcare providers should monitor patients for gastrointestinal side effects when prescribing GLP-1RAs.

Significant weight loss induced by caloric restriction and metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) results in high turnover bone loss.

Practitioners should be aware that significant weight loss from caloric restriction and MBS can lead to increased bone loss.

Weight loss after metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is associated with a substantial deterioration in bone microarchitecture and strength, increasing fracture risk.

Clinicians should monitor bone health closely in patients undergoing MBS due to increased fracture risk.

Significant weight loss induced by GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1Ra) may result in accelerated bone turnover and bone loss.

Healthcare providers should consider the impact of GLP-1Ra on bone health when prescribing these medications.

Dulaglutide is associated with a significantly higher risk of overall hematologic malignancy (OR = 2.18, 95%CI = 1.14-4.19).

Clinicians should be cautious when prescribing dulaglutide due to its association with increased hematologic malignancy risk.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) demonstrate notable cardiovascular benefits beyond glucose regulation in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).

Practitioners should consider SGLT2i and GLP-1 RAs for cardiovascular protection in CAD patients.

GLP-1 receptor agonist patients demonstrated higher overall complication rates (20%) compared to controls (10%), though this was not statistically significant (p=0.47).

Clinicians should be aware of the potential for higher complication rates in patients using GLP-1 receptor agonists.

Inflammation is the underlying cause of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD).

Practitioners should consider inflammation management in addressing chronic diseases.

Emerging mechanisms of obesity-related vascular dysfunction include skeletal muscle inflammation and signals from the gut microbiome.

Recognizing these emerging mechanisms may help in developing new therapeutic strategies for obesity-related vascular dysfunction.

GLP-1 medicines may contribute to decreased cancer incidence.

Consider the potential cancer risk reduction when prescribing GLP-1 medicines.

Lower mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity and inactivity contribute to lower insulin sensitivity in individuals with Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA).

Improving mitochondrial function and physical activity may enhance insulin sensitivity in FRDA patients.

Gastrointestinal side effects were most common, with Semaglutide showing the highest incidence.

Clinicians should be aware of the potential for gastrointestinal side effects, particularly with Semaglutide.

GLP-1 RA use was associated with a higher risk of gastroparesis (HR 1.591, P < 0.001) and intussusception (HR 1.383, P = 0.025) compared with oral antidiabetic therapy.

Clinicians should monitor patients on GLP-1 RAs for signs of gastroparesis and intussusception.

Tirzepatide is preferred over semaglutide due to less reported side effects and enhanced benefits in promoting bone formation.

Tirzepatide may be a better option for patients needing obesity management with fewer side effects.

Obesity is associated with increased risk of cancer, accounting for approximately 10% of new cancer diagnoses annually in the US.

Healthcare practitioners should consider obesity as a significant risk factor for cancer in their patients.

Adverse events from semaglutide were generally mild to moderate gastrointestinal effects and occurred more frequently in the semaglutide group.

Clinicians should monitor for mild to moderate gastrointestinal side effects in patients treated with semaglutide.

Semaglutide (SEM) and tirzepatide (TIR) use was associated with greater annualized total hip (TH) bone loss in patients without diabetes mellitus (DM) compared to controls.

Practitioners should monitor bone health in patients using GLP-1 RAs, especially those without DM.

Total hip (TH) bone loss was comparable between GLP-1 RA users and controls among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM).

Bone health monitoring may be less critical for patients with DM using GLP-1 RAs.

Atherogenic dyslipidemias are a major contributor to ASCVD within the CKM framework.

Recognize and address dyslipidemias in patients with obesity to mitigate cardiovascular disease risk.