Browse the evidence

Plant protein was inversely associated with the risk of all-cause and CVD mortality.

Increasing plant protein intake may improve longevity and reduce mortality risk.

Meat is a nutrient-dense food that provides essential nutrients such as amino acids, iron, zinc, and B vitamins.

Practitioners should recognize the nutritional benefits of including meat in diets.

The beneficial nutrients in fresh, unprocessed meat generally outweigh nutrients of concern.

Emphasizing the nutrient benefits of meat can help address dietary concerns.

The review evaluates the evidence related to meat in various dietary patterns and health outcomes.

Understanding the role of meat in diets can guide dietary recommendations.

The average weight nadir was reached after two segments, co-occurring with the most beneficial changes in laboratory parameters.

Practitioners should focus on the initial segments of treatment for optimal results.

The Society for Behavioral Medicine supports permanent federal funding for Food is Medicine services to address nutrition-related chronic conditions.

Practitioners should advocate for permanent funding for nutrition-related services.

Permanent funding for Food is Medicine services will allow states to provide nutrition supports as a healthcare service.

Permanent funding could enhance the integration of nutrition services into healthcare.

Supervised exercise therapy (SET) programs are cost-effective for US adults with chronic conditions, showing a positive return on investment (ROI) ranging from 1.15:1 to 1.7:1.

Healthcare providers can consider implementing SET programs as a cost-effective intervention for managing chronic conditions.

SET programs lead to cost savings from reduced healthcare costs or treatment charges, with savings reported between $121 and $2834.

Implementing SET can reduce overall healthcare costs for patients with chronic conditions.

Lifestyle interventions are the backbone of obesity therapy but may be challenging to implement in transplant candidates.

Practitioners should consider the unique challenges faced by transplant candidates when recommending lifestyle changes.

The guidelines focus on cardiovascular risk stratification and management of cardiovascular risk factors in diabetes.

Practitioners should implement risk stratification and management strategies for cardiovascular health in diabetic patients.

The guidelines aim to reduce the risk of heart failure and chronic kidney disease in individuals with diabetes.

Practitioners should focus on strategies to mitigate the risk of heart failure and kidney disease in diabetic patients.

Practical challenges with CGM device usability warrant attention.

Attention should be given to improving CGM usability to enhance user experience.

More persons in the digital group reported to have achieved their current weight by linear weight loss (rapid or not) vs. through a series of weight loss cycles.

Practitioners may consider that digital participants tend to favor linear weight loss strategies.

Prediabetes is a complex condition requiring diagnosis and management by a multidisciplinary team of health professionals to delay and/or prevent progression to type 2 diabetes.

Health practitioners should collaborate in managing prediabetes to effectively prevent type 2 diabetes.

Establishing clear roles and responsibilities for diagnosing and managing prediabetes will improve prediabetes care and diabetes prevention in rural settings.

Practitioners should define roles clearly to enhance the management of prediabetes.

The study identified five themes related to prediabetes management and type 2 diabetes prevention.

Understanding these themes can guide practitioners in improving prediabetes management.

Body food choice congruence is significantly higher in individuals with exercise addiction compared to those at risk of addiction.

Understanding food choice congruence may help in addressing exercise addiction.

Individuals at risk of exercise dependence have significantly lower average daily intakes of several nutrients compared to those at an addicted level.

Nutritional counseling may be beneficial for individuals at risk of exercise addiction.

A 6-month dietary intervention producing a 500 kcal/day energy deficit yields similar weight loss outcomes regardless of an individual's high or low genetic predisposition to higher BMI, as measured by genome-wide polygenic scores.

If you are overweight or mildly obese, a standard dietary intervention creating a 500 kcal/day deficit will likely help you lose weight, regardless of your genetic risk for obesity. You do not need a specialized or 'genetic' diet to succeed; standard caloric restriction is effective for everyone in this range.

Current pharmacological treatments for obesity, including incretin-based therapies (semaglutide, tirzepatide), result in significant skeletal muscle loss (approx. 7-10% of lean mass) alongside fat loss.

If you are using GLP-1 medications, expect to lose some muscle. You must actively combat this by eating enough protein and doing resistance training to preserve your metabolic engine.

Metabolic bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for obesity across all BMI classes, offering durable weight loss and improvement in comorbidities.

For eligible patients (BMI ≥35, or 30-34.9 with failed lifestyle/pharma), metabolic bariatric surgery (sleeve or bypass) is the most effective treatment for durable weight loss and comorbidity improvement. It is recommended for BMI ≥35 regardless of comorbidities.

Bariatric surgery is not first-line therapy for women of reproductive age hoping to conceive quickly due to risks of nutrient deficiencies and the required 1-2 year delay before pregnancy.

Avoid bariatric surgery if you plan to get pregnant soon. It requires a 1-2 year wait and can cause vitamin deficiencies that harm the baby. Use weight loss medications instead.

Increased economic development and industrialization are associated with higher obesity rates primarily due to increased caloric intake and diet quality (specifically ultraprocessed foods), rather than reduced physical activity or energy expenditure.

Stop blaming your lack of exercise for your weight gain. This research shows that moving less doesn't necessarily mean you burn significantly less energy than a highly active person of the same size. The real driver of obesity in modern societies is what you eat, specifically the high proportion of ultraprocessed foods that disrupt satiety and increase absorption. Focus on reducing ultraprocessed food intake rather than obsessing over increasing physical activity expenditure to fix obesity.