Browse the evidence

Fewer antidiabetes medications were used in the bariatric surgery group compared to the medical/lifestyle management group.

Bariatric surgery may reduce the need for diabetes medications compared to lifestyle management.

Whole body net protein balance (WBNB) was positive only during the protein and carbohydrate coingestion trial.

Incorporating protein with carbohydrates post-exercise can enhance overall protein balance, beneficial for recovery.

Total ultra-processed food (UPF) intake is associated with a 46% higher risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) when comparing extreme quintiles of intake.

Reducing UPF consumption may lower the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Interval training with work bouts at 85% peak power (PP) enhances 40-km time-trial performance by 2.8%.

Coaches should consider incorporating interval training at 85% PP to improve cycling time-trial performance.

Intervals performed at 175% peak power (PP) also improve time-trial performance by 2.4%.

Incorporating high-intensity intervals at 175% PP can also be beneficial for improving cycling performance.

VO2peak increased by 10% after 31 days of training.

Prolonged endurance training can lead to significant improvements in aerobic fitness.

Mean response time to reach 63% of steady-state VO2 was faster at 4 days (34.9 +/- 2.4 s) and 9 days (32.5 +/- 1.8 s) of training compared to pretraining (38.1 +/- 2.6 s), and was fastest at 30 days (28.3 +/- 1.0 s).

Endurance training can lead to quicker VO2 responses within the first month, which may enhance performance in submaximal exercise.

Successful weight loss improves almost all biomarkers of obesity comorbidities.

Weight loss interventions should be emphasized as they can lead to significant health improvements.

Training with high carbohydrate availability increases exogenous glucose oxidation during endurance cycling from 54.6 to 63.6 g.

Endurance athletes may benefit from higher carbohydrate intake to enhance carbohydrate oxidation during training.

Cycling performance improved by approximately 6% after training in the High carbohydrate group.

Endurance training with high carbohydrate intake can lead to significant performance improvements.

Altering daily carbohydrate intake results in differences in selected metabolic adaptations to exercise.

Coaches and athletes should consider carbohydrate intake strategies to optimize metabolic adaptations.

For each kg of mean weight loss, there is a mean HbA1c reduction of 0.1 percentage points.

Weight loss interventions can be expected to lower HbA1c levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Weight loss in obese and overweight patients with T2D is consistently accompanied by HbA1c reduction in a dose-dependent manner.

Practitioners can expect a predictable reduction in HbA1c with weight loss in this population.

Resistance training (RT) is as effective as aerobic training (AT) in lowering risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and other diseases.

Both RT and AT can be prescribed for health benefits.

Fat adaptation increased fat oxidation during exercise compared to a high-CHO diet.

Athletes may benefit from fat adaptation to enhance fat oxidation during prolonged exercise.

A personalized postprandial-targeting (PPT) diet improved glycemic control significantly more than a Mediterranean (MED) diet as measured by daily time of glucose levels >140 mg/dL and HbA1c.

Practitioners may consider recommending a PPT diet for better glycemic control in prediabetic patients.

Both the PPT and MED diets reduced the daily time with glucose levels >140 mg/dL and HbA1c levels, but reductions were significantly greater in the PPT group.

Both diets can be beneficial, but the PPT diet may be more effective for glycemic control.

In obese patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), a 7-day period of calorie restriction produces substantial decreases in fasting plasma glucose, hepatic glucose production (HGP), and fasting plasma triglyceride, and increases in insulin sensitivity and secretion.

Calorie restriction can be an effective strategy for improving metabolic control in obese NIDDM patients.

Fat adaptation increases the rate of whole-body and muscle fat oxidation during submaximal exercise compared to an isoenergetic carbohydrate diet.

Practitioners may consider implementing fat adaptation strategies to enhance fat oxidation in endurance athletes.

6 weeks of low-volume, high-intensity sprint training induced similar changes in whole-body and skeletal muscle adaptations as traditional high-volume, low-intensity endurance workouts.

High-intensity sprint training can be an effective alternative to traditional endurance training for achieving similar fitness adaptations.

High-intensity sprint training may stimulate a more rapid up-regulation of selected physiological/metabolic markers than traditional low-intensity endurance training.

Practitioners may consider high-intensity training for quicker physiological adaptations.

Tirzepatide treatment was associated with greater decreases in glycated hemoglobin and body weight compared to GLP-1 RA.

Practitioners can expect tirzepatide to be more effective in managing blood sugar and weight in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Regular physical activity induces multiple adaptations within skeletal muscle and other organs that have positive outcomes for the prevention and treatment of many metabolic disorders.

Encouraging regular physical activity can help prevent and treat metabolic disorders.

The National Cholesterol Education Program recommends reductions in saturated fat and cholesterol, and suggests therapeutic dietary options for enhancing LDL-cholesterol lowering.

Healthcare providers should recommend dietary changes to lower LDL-cholesterol as part of cardiovascular risk management.