Browse the evidence

Two weeks of step reduction (SR) increased HOMA-IR from 2.8 ± 0.3 to 3.6 ± 0.6 (p<0.05) and decreased MATSUDA from 3.7 ± 0.5 to 3.0 ± 0.1 (p<0.05), with neither recovering at post-SR.

Practitioners should be aware that even short periods of inactivity can significantly impair insulin sensitivity in older adults.

Metabolic adaptation in energy expenditure (adaptive thermogenesis) was unrelated to the energy cost of weight and fat mass gains.

Weight gain responses may not be influenced by changes in metabolic rate during overfeeding.

Injectable pharmacotherapies are effective strategies to manage obesity by targeting metabolic pathways.

Practitioners can consider injectable pharmacotherapies as a viable option for obesity management.

Observational data show a reduction in all-cause mortality and cancer risk in patients who have undergone bariatric surgery.

Bariatric surgery may significantly improve long-term health outcomes and reduce mortality risk.

Sustained significant weight loss through lifestyle changes is difficult for people with obesity in the long term.

Practitioners should be aware of the challenges faced by patients in achieving long-term weight loss.

HEC-CG115 led to more weight loss than semaglutide in diet-induced obese model mice.

HEC-CG115 may be a more effective option for weight loss in obese patients compared to semaglutide.

Total protein intake was inversely related to lean mass in females only (Lean mass index: β= −0.84, Appendicular lean mass index: β= −0.35).

Practitioners should be cautious about recommending high total protein intake for females aiming to preserve lean mass.

Overweight and obesity without cardiometabolic dysfunction were not associated with a higher risk of recurrent major cardiovascular events and mortality compared to normal weight without cardiometabolic dysfunction.

Practitioners should consider the metabolic health of overweight and obese patients when assessing cardiovascular risk.

All groups with cardiometabolic dysfunction showed similarly increased risks of recurrent major cardiovascular events and mortality.

Monitoring and managing cardiometabolic dysfunction is crucial for reducing cardiovascular risk.

The prevalence of cardiometabolic dysfunction was highest within the obese category (75%).

Understanding the high prevalence of cardiometabolic dysfunction in obese patients can guide treatment strategies.

Bariatric surgery improves patient health in terms of metabolic, macrovascular, and microvascular disease.

Bariatric surgery can lead to significant health improvements beyond weight loss.

Gastric bypass patients had an 85% lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared to non-operated patients with obesity during the first six years of follow-up.

Gastric bypass surgery significantly reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes in obese patients, especially in the first six years post-surgery.

A profound and almost immediate reduction in the incidence of diabetes occurred in Cuba following these changes.

Weight management strategies may lead to significant improvements in diabetes incidence.

A striking decline in cardiovascular mortality began in Cuba with a lag of about five years after the changes.

Long-term weight management may contribute to reduced cardiovascular mortality over time.

Whole body insulin-stimulated glucose disposal was lower in patients with type 2 diabetes compared to other groups.

Practitioners should be aware that insulin sensitivity is significantly impaired in type 2 diabetes patients.

There is a strong imperative to assess the health effects of sugar-sweetened beverages as the burden of noncommunicable diseases increases.

Increased research on sugar-sweetened beverages is necessary to inform public health policies.

Physical frailty and sarcopenia are associated with morbidity and 2-fold mortality in patients with advanced chronic liver disease awaiting liver transplantation.

Healthcare providers should assess frailty and sarcopenia in liver transplant candidates to improve outcomes.

Loss of muscle-related indices exceeded prespecified benchmarks in two thirds of incretin-based interventions.

Clinicians should monitor muscle mass when prescribing incretin therapies for weight loss.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is an independent risk factor for diastolic dysfunction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), increasing the risk of hospitalization and death in those with established heart failure.

Clinicians should consider screening for MASLD in patients with HFpEF due to the increased risk of adverse outcomes.

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) exacerbates the severity of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).

Healthcare providers should be aware that HFpEF can worsen MASLD, necessitating comprehensive management strategies.

BMI is not sufficient to define obesity; pathophysiology and the impact of mechanical, metabolic, and psychological complications must be considered.

Practitioners should consider multiple factors beyond BMI when assessing obesity.

There was no difference between the intervention periods regarding mean blood glucose (MBG), time in range (TIR), and hypoglycemic events.

GTSS does not negatively impact overall glucose control or increase hypoglycemic risk.

Fatty acid oxidation by muscle is limited, especially at the exercise intensities sustained by athletes during training and competition.

Athletes may need to consider nutritional strategies to enhance fat oxidation during high-intensity exercise.

Improvements in HOMA and Matsuda index did not differ significantly between the HLF and HLC diets.

Both diets can be considered equally effective for improving certain aspects of insulin sensitivity.