Browse the evidence

Polypharmacy is more common in women with diabetes than in men with diabetes.

Healthcare providers should be aware of the higher likelihood of polypharmacy in female diabetes patients.

There was no main treatment effect of carbohydrate ingestion on blood glucose or lactate concentrations.

Carbohydrate ingestion does not significantly alter blood glucose or lactate levels during intense exercise.

There was no relationship between mitochondrial morphology or muscle respiration and 24-h energy expenditure, basal metabolic rate, or sleeping energy expenditure.

Metabolic rate may not be influenced by mitochondrial characteristics in sedentary individuals.

CE/BZA treatment produced no detectable effect on insulin sensitivity, body composition, ectopic fat, fat cell size, or substrate oxidation.

CE/BZA does not improve insulin sensitivity or body composition in this population.

Owning a dog did not result in improved glycaemic or body weight control in either T1D or T2D patients.

Physical activity from dog ownership alone may not suffice for effective diabetes management.

MetFlex to fat showed no correlation to MetFlex measured during the clamp.

Different methods may yield different insights into metabolic flexibility.

Obesity has been associated with improved prognosis in patients with established cardiovascular diseases (CVD), particularly coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure (HF), atrial fibrillation, and pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Clinicians should consider the potential for improved prognosis in obese patients with established CVD when making treatment decisions.

No significant correlations were found between glucose disposal rate (GDR) and plasma IL-6 or skeletal muscle IL-6 mRNA in any group.

GDR is not influenced by IL-6 levels, suggesting other factors may be more relevant for insulin sensitivity.

Weight loss in patients with cardiovascular diseases is often associated with increased mortality.

Clinicians should be cautious about recommending weight loss in patients with cardiovascular diseases.

Obesity is now considered a protective factor in risk assessment models for heart failure.

Risk assessment for heart failure should incorporate obesity as a potential protective factor.

Resistance exercise appears effective in reducing Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) in people with type 2 diabetes.

Incorporating resistance exercise may help lower HbA1c levels in diabetic patients.

For each one percent reduction in body weight at eight weeks, there was a 112.6 μmoL/l increase in fasting beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations.

Weight loss is associated with increased ketone production, which may aid in understanding dietary interventions.

Moderately higher adiposity at age 18 years is associated with increased premature death in younger and middle-aged U.S. women.

Practitioners should consider adolescent BMI as a factor in long-term health assessments.

Combined moderate sodium intake (3-5 g/day) with high potassium intake (>3.5 g/day) is associated with the lowest risk of mortality and cardiovascular events.

Practitioners should consider promoting moderate sodium and high potassium intake for better cardiovascular health.

Higher potassium excretion attenuated the increased cardiovascular risk associated with high sodium excretion.

Encouraging higher potassium intake may help mitigate risks from high sodium consumption.

Higher diet quality is inversely associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a dose-dependent manner.

Encouraging higher diet quality may help reduce the risk of NAFLD.

Higher diet quality is associated with a reduction in risk of all-cause mortality.

Improving diet quality may lower the risk of premature death.

Higher diet quality is associated with a lower risk for cancer-related mortality in the total population and among those without NAFLD.

Encouraging a high-quality diet may help reduce cancer mortality risk.

Prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and sleep apnoea was significantly higher in groups with higher BMI (p < 0.0001).

Healthcare providers should monitor for these conditions more closely in patients with higher BMI.

Overweight subjects with abdominal obesity reported a significantly higher prevalence of diabetes (13%) compared to those without abdominal obesity (7%, p = 0.04).

Interventions targeting abdominal obesity may reduce diabetes risk in overweight individuals.

Mean healthcare cost was significantly higher in higher BMI classes: control ($456), overweight ($1084), and obese ($1186) (p < 0.0001).

Healthcare systems should anticipate higher costs associated with obesity management.

Exercise may improve glycemic control.

Incorporating specific types of exercise can be beneficial for managing blood sugar levels.

Higher low carbohydrate diet (LCD) score is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), with a 20% increased risk observed when comparing the highest quintile (38% energy from carbohydrates) to the lowest quintile (55% energy from carbohydrates).

Practitioners should be cautious when recommending low carbohydrate diets, as they may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, particularly in individuals with higher body weight.

The association between low carbohydrate diet score and diabetes risk is largely explained by obesity, with BMI mediating 76% of the association.

Understanding the role of BMI in the relationship between low carbohydrate diets and diabetes risk can help tailor dietary recommendations.