Browse the evidence

Pharmacological classes of metabolic drugs have unexpected and often beneficial effects on cardiovascular outcomes.

Consider the use of metabolic drugs in managing cardiovascular health.

Obesity, sarcopenia, and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are interconnected through the adipokine axis.

Understanding the link between these conditions can guide treatment strategies.

A maladaptive adipokine milieu is associated with endothelial dysfunction, myocardial stiffening, and muscle atrophy in HFpEF.

Recognizing this cycle can inform targeted interventions.

Emerging translational applications include diagnostic and prognostic adipokine signatures and therapeutic impacts of GLP-1 receptor agonists.

These applications could enhance clinical practice in managing HFpEF.

Current pharmacological treatments aim to restore energy balance by targeting disrupted pathways.

Practitioners should be aware of pharmacological options that target energy balance in obesity management.

Categories of weight change did not differ for change in physical activity or dietary intake.

Weight change categories may not influence physical activity or dietary intake adjustments.

Intervention conditions did not differ for change in weight, physical activity, dietary intake, and measures of hunger, dietary disinhibition, and total dietary restraint.

Different physical activity interventions may not lead to significant differences in weight or dietary behaviors.

BMI is not sufficient to define obesity; pathophysiology and the impact of mechanical, metabolic, and psychological complications must be considered.

Practitioners should consider multiple factors beyond BMI when assessing obesity.

Rates of obesity have doubled for adults and quadrupled for adolescents since the 1990s.

Practitioners should be aware of the rising obesity rates to address this public health issue.

There needs to be a cultural shift to accept obesity as a disease and improve access to effective treatments sooner.

Advocacy for policy changes and education on obesity as a disease is essential.

Evidence suggests a reduced incidence of several gastrointestinal cancers with GLP-1 receptor agonist use.

GLP-1 receptor agonists may be considered for patients at risk of gastrointestinal cancers.

The development of oral formulations such as oral Semaglutide is expected to provide convenience for patients and enhance their willingness to receive treatment.

Practitioners should consider the potential of oral Semaglutide to improve patient adherence to obesity treatment.

Patient factors potentially contributing to increased aspiration risks included a higher body mass index, type 2 diabetes mellitus, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, emergency case, and time from GLP-1 agonist cessation.

Understanding these risk factors can help clinicians better assess patients on GLP-1 agonists before surgery.

GLP-1 receptor agonists have good safety and tolerability compared to traditional hypoglycemic drugs.

Practitioners can consider GLP-1 receptor agonists as a safer alternative for diabetes treatment.

Small molecule agonists of GLP-1 receptor have advantages of low cost and oral administration compared to peptide drugs.

Practitioners may consider small molecule GLP-1 receptor agonists as a cost-effective and convenient treatment option.

The tolerability and key adverse events associated with these AOMs appear to be acceptable in randomized controlled trials.

Clinicians can be reassured about the safety profile of newer AOMs based on trial data.

Fecal transplant may have a preventive role in diabetes progression.

Consider the potential of fecal transplants in diabetes prevention strategies.

There was no difference between the intervention periods regarding mean blood glucose (MBG), time in range (TIR), and hypoglycemic events.

GTSS does not negatively impact overall glucose control or increase hypoglycemic risk.

The incidence of obesity-related glomerulopathy has increased ten-fold in recent years.

Increased awareness and screening for kidney issues in obese patients is essential.

Metformin seems to provide positive cardiovascular effects.

Practitioners may consider Metformin as a beneficial option for improving cardiovascular health in T2DM patients.

The SGLT2-inhibitor Empagliflozin reduces cardiovascular mortality, total mortality and hospitalization by heart failure.

Empagliflozin may be recommended for T2DM patients to reduce risks of cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization.

Insulin seems to be cardiovascular neutral, as well as the DPP4-inhibitors Saxagliptin, Sitagliptin and Alogliptin.

Insulin and certain DPP4-inhibitors may be considered safe options regarding cardiovascular health in T2DM patients.

The current evidence for interventions that address food insecurity and obesity is mixed and limited in scope.

More rigorous trials are needed to determine effective interventions for obesity in food-insecure populations.

Success in weight loss was independent of the quantity and quality of carbohydrate intake.

Weight loss programs may not need to focus on carbohydrate quantity or quality.