Browse the evidence

There is a need for intensified collaboration between the disciplines of nutrition and pharmacology.

Collaboration between nutritionists and pharmacologists can lead to improved health outcomes.

Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) and other hormones such as growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) have been shown to increase muscle mass.

Hormonal treatments can be considered for increasing muscle mass in patients with muscle atrophy.

Several mechanisms may mediate the association between NAFLD and CVD.

Understanding these mechanisms can help in developing targeted interventions for patients with NAFLD.

SCD1 inhibitors have been developed to treat various types of cancer.

SCD1 inhibitors could be a promising avenue for cancer therapy.

There is no significant effect of exercise order on muscle hypertrophy (ES = 0.03; p = 0.862).

Exercise order may not need to be a primary concern for hypertrophy outcomes.

Several biomarkers reflecting various pathophysiological pathways linking obesity and cardiometabolic diseases have been identified.

Practitioners should consider these biomarkers in understanding obesity-related health risks.

The evidence for a causal role of many classical obesity biomarkers in disease etiology remains limited.

Caution is advised when using classical biomarkers for disease prediction.

There is increasing interest in novel biomarkers for improved, personalized prevention of obesity-related diseases.

Practitioners should explore novel biomarkers for better prevention strategies.

Significant disproportionality was detected for semaglutide-associated suicidal ideation (ROR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.18-1.77; IC, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.19-0.78).

Clinicians should be aware of the potential risk of suicidal ideation in patients treated with semaglutide.

A total of 107 cases of suicidal and/or self-injurious ADRs were reported with semaglutide.

Awareness of the number of reported cases can inform risk assessments for semaglutide use.

ALA was not associated with T2D risk.

Practitioners should note that ALA does not appear to reduce T2D risk, unlike other n-3 fatty acids.

The highest achieved tertiles of EPA and DHA were associated with neither benefit nor harm in patients at high cardiovascular risk.

Practitioners should note that increasing EPA and DHA levels may not provide cardiovascular benefits in high-risk patients.

Changes in skeletal muscle mass (SMM) are not associated with improvements in walking speed.

Improvements in walking speed may not require increases in muscle mass, focusing instead on strength and quality.

Plasma TMAO and related metabolites were not significantly associated with type 2 diabetes risk.

The findings suggest that TMAO and related metabolites may not be useful biomarkers for predicting type 2 diabetes risk.

There were an estimated 1.73-2.20 million people with diabetes in Taiwan in 2014-2015.

Health practitioners should be aware of the significant prevalence of diabetes in Taiwan.

Conflicts of interest (COIs) from funders can introduce bias in nutritional evidence.

Practitioners should critically evaluate research findings for potential biases due to COIs.

Future randomized controlled trials should be of >12 months’ duration.

Longer studies are needed to fully assess the impact of carbohydrate restriction on glycaemic control.

GLP1-RA treatment is not associated with a significant difference in risk of serious psychiatric adverse events compared with placebo (log[RR] = -0.02; P = .87).

GLP1-RAs can be considered safe regarding serious psychiatric events in this population.

Mean PSA doubling time (PSADT) was similar between LCD (22 months) and control (15 months, P = 0.313) arms.

A low-carbohydrate diet does not adversely affect PSA doubling time in men with recurrent prostate cancer.

Immobilization does not alter mitochondrial H2O2 emission or markers of cellular redox state.

This suggests that oxidative stress may not be a significant factor in muscle atrophy during immobilization.

There is a lack of data in female animal models or women regarding GLP-1 research.

More research is needed in female populations to understand GLP-1 effects.

Only 6.2% of the total population reported n-3 fatty acid supplement use, which did not alter median daily intake.

Practitioners should note that supplements are not widely used and do not significantly impact overall n-3 fatty acid intake.

There were no between-group differences in body composition and adaptive thermogenesis.

Practitioners should note that both diets did not significantly affect body composition or thermogenesis.

The two methods (MF-BIA and DXA) were poor predictors of each other in regards to changes in segmental measurements.

Practitioners should be cautious when interpreting segmental measurements from these methods.