Browse the evidence

Greater adherence to the Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015) is associated with a 19% lower risk of total mortality (HR 0.81).

Encouraging adherence to the HEI-2015 may help reduce mortality risk in the population studied.

Adherence to the Alternate Mediterranean Diet (AMED) score is associated with a 18% lower risk of total mortality (HR 0.82).

Promoting adherence to the AMED may contribute to lower mortality risk.

All dietary scores examined were significantly inversely associated with death from cardiovascular disease, cancer, and respiratory disease.

Encouraging healthy eating patterns may reduce the risk of major diseases.

Modifiable risk factors collectively contribute to 59% of the population-attributable fraction (PAF) for CVD and 56% for death in China.

Addressing modifiable risk factors could significantly reduce CVD and mortality rates.

The modifiable risk factors studied contributed to approximately 64% of the population attributable fraction (PAF) for CVD and 69% of the PAF for death.

Addressing these modifiable risk factors could significantly reduce CVD and mortality rates.

Incretin therapies reduce Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) and all-cause mortality in patients with T2DM and/or established cardiovascular disease, independent of glycemic control.

If you have heart disease or high risk, these drugs offer significant protection against heart attacks and death, separate from weight loss. This benefit is a key factor in their clinical value and reimbursement decisions.

Men have a higher incidence of CVD and mortality rates compared to women.

Gender-specific strategies may be needed to address higher CVD risk in men.

Approximately 72% of the population attributable fraction (PAF) for CVD and 69% of the PAF for deaths are attributable to 12 modifiable risk factors.

Addressing modifiable risk factors could significantly reduce CVD and mortality rates.

Increases in glycemic index and glycemic load were positively associated with weight gain.

Consider the glycemic index/load of carbohydrates when managing weight.

A 100 g/day increase in starch or added sugar was associated with 1.5 kg and 0.9 kg greater weight gain over four years, respectively.

Reducing starch and added sugar intake may help mitigate weight gain.

Increased carbohydrate intake from whole grains, fruit, and non-starchy vegetables was inversely associated with weight gain.

Encouraging whole grains, fruits, and non-starchy vegetables may aid in weight control.

Current clinical guidelines recommend individualized perioperative management for GLP-1 RA users, with recent consensus shifting from mandatory discontinuation to risk-based assessment based on gastrointestinal symptoms and treatment duration.

Do not stop your GLP-1 medication on your own before surgery. Recent guidelines say you should likely keep taking it unless you have severe nausea or vomiting. Your surgical team will create a specific plan for you, possibly adjusting your fasting rules, to keep your blood sugar stable while minimizing lung risks.

Combining CPAP therapy with weight loss (via pharmacotherapy or lifestyle) yields greater improvements in cardiovascular risk markers than treating either condition alone.

If you have sleep apnea and are overweight, don't just focus on one. Using CPAP while also working to lose weight (through diet, exercise, or medication) provides the best protection for your heart and blood pressure. Treating just one condition leaves you at higher risk.

Each 1-SD increase in TLCD score was associated with 0.06 kg more weight gain over 4 years.

Practitioners should consider the impact of total carbohydrate intake on weight management.

Each 1-SD increase in ALCD score was associated with 0.13 kg more weight gain over 4 years.

Practitioners should be aware of the potential weight gain associated with animal-based low-carbohydrate diets.

Each 1-SD increase in HLCD score was associated with 0.36 kg less weight gain over 4 years.

Practitioners should promote healthy low-carbohydrate diets to mitigate weight gain.

Improvements in soda consumption and BMI are concentrated among female and non-white respondents.

Targeted interventions may be necessary to address disparities in health outcomes.

Next-generation incretin-based therapies (GLP-1 and GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists) significantly reduce systolic blood pressure, with the majority of this effect mediated by weight loss, though direct tissue-specific mechanisms also contribute.

If you have high blood pressure and obesity or type 2 diabetes, GLP-1 based medications like semaglutide or tirzepatide can significantly lower your blood pressure. Most of this benefit comes from the weight loss these drugs cause, but they also have direct positive effects on your blood vessels and kidneys. While they are more expensive than standard blood pressure pills, they offer broader cardiovascular protection. Discuss with your doctor if you are a candidate, especially if you have resistant hypertension or high cardiovascular risk.

Exercise may improve glycemic control.

Incorporating specific types of exercise can be beneficial for managing blood sugar levels.

Moderate carbohydrate intake was associated with a lower risk of all-cause and non-CV mortality among Hispanic participants.

Practitioners may consider moderate carbohydrate intake beneficial for Hispanic individuals regarding mortality risk.

GLP-1/GIP receptor co-agonists may provide cardiovascular protection and slow the decline of kidney function in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

GLP-1/GIP receptor co-agonists may be considered for patients with type 2 diabetes at risk for cardiovascular and kidney issues.

Patients in the third quartile of overall lower-carbohydrate diet score had a 35% lower risk of mortality (HR: 0.65; 95% CI, 0.50-0.85) compared to the first quartile.

Encouraging adherence to a moderate lower-carbohydrate diet may reduce mortality risk in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Adherence to a healthy lower-carbohydrate diet score is associated with lower mortality risk, with HRs of 0.78, 0.73, and 0.74 across quartiles compared to the reference.

Promoting healthy lower-carbohydrate dietary patterns may enhance longevity in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Replacing 2% of energy from carbohydrates with plant-based protein or polyunsaturated fatty acids is associated with 23% to approximately 37% lower total mortality.

Encouraging small dietary changes, such as substituting carbohydrates with plant-based proteins or healthy fats, may significantly lower mortality risk.