Browse the evidence

The MC4R gene variant rs17782313 is directly associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in obese adults (B = 0.010; P = 0.023).

Genetic testing for the MC4R variant may help identify individuals at higher risk for metabolic syndrome.

Glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) mediate the relationship between the MC4R variant and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) levels.

Dietary management focusing on GI and GL may help mitigate LDL-C levels in genetically susceptible individuals.

Periods of unloading lead to a decrease in muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and potentially a transient increase in muscle protein breakdown (MPB).

Avoiding periods of inactivity is important to maintain muscle protein synthesis.

RIR rating accuracy did not significantly improve over time.

Practitioners should not expect RIR rating accuracy to improve significantly with time alone.

Twenty-four-hour carbohydrate oxidation was elevated on the REX day, while 24-hour fat and protein oxidation were not different.

Resistance exercise increases carbohydrate oxidation without affecting fat or protein oxidation.

No competitor characteristic predicted any of the resistance training variables manipulated during peak week.

Competitors may not need to tailor their training adjustments based on individual characteristics during peak week.

The placebo group and interruption group showed a reduction in power output during the third sprint compared to the maintenance group.

Avoiding interruption of beta-alanine supplementation may be crucial for maintaining sprint performance.

The placebo group experienced a higher percentage of fatigue and higher subjective perception of exertion compared to the maintenance group.

Supplementation with beta-alanine may help reduce perceived exertion and fatigue during repeated sprints.

The effects of SSBs are related to four properties: energy in liquid form, high glycemic load, high sweetness intensity, and sugar content.

Understanding these properties can help practitioners guide dietary choices regarding SSBs.

Two weeks of step reduction (SR) increased HOMA-IR from 2.8 ± 0.3 to 3.6 ± 0.6 (p<0.05) and decreased MATSUDA from 3.7 ± 0.5 to 3.0 ± 0.1 (p<0.05), with neither recovering at post-SR.

Practitioners should be aware that even short periods of inactivity can significantly impair insulin sensitivity in older adults.

There is a significant multiplicative interaction of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) and sex on both mortality outcomes.

Understanding the interaction between CAN and sex can improve risk assessment and management strategies in diabetes care.

Gastrointestinal adverse events (AEs) are common with incretin-based therapies (IBTs), with placebo-subtracted incidences of 5–39% for nausea, −7–39% for diarrhea, 2–31% for constipation, 0–26% for vomiting, and 2–20% for abdominal pain.

Clinicians should be aware of the high incidence of GI AEs when prescribing IBTs.

Most adverse events (AEs) associated with incretin-based therapies (IBTs) are mild or moderate and mainly occur during dose escalation.

Clinicians should monitor patients for mild to moderate AEs, especially during dose increases.

Replacing sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) with non-caloric beverages (artificially sweetened (ASB) or unsweetened (USB)) had no effect on pre-specified cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors.

Practitioners should note that switching to non-caloric beverages may not improve CVD risk factors.

Only 2 out of 41 studies (approximately 5%) reported or assessed dietary intake or evaluated diet changes secondary to GLP-1/GIP RA medication use.

Practitioners should be aware of the lack of dietary assessment in studies involving GLP-1/GIP medications.

The quality of dietary assessment methods used in the studies was categorized as 'poor' and 'acceptable'.

Practitioners should consider the quality of dietary assessment methods when interpreting study results.

The review highlights a major gap in the evidence requiring urgent attention for high-quality research on dietary impacts of GLP-1/GIP medications.

There is a critical need for more rigorous studies to assess dietary changes associated with these medications.

Patients identified three risks associated with obesity treatment.

Understanding these risks can help healthcare providers address patient concerns and improve treatment uptake.

The uptake of obesity treatments remains disproportionally low in people living with the disease.

Healthcare providers should be aware of the low uptake to better engage patients in treatment options.

Metabolic adaptation in energy expenditure (adaptive thermogenesis) was unrelated to the energy cost of weight and fat mass gains.

Weight gain responses may not be influenced by changes in metabolic rate during overfeeding.

Semaglutide did not offer significant advantages in lowering HbA1C levels compared to other hypoglycemic treatments.

Practitioners should be cautious in expecting significant HbA1C improvements with Semaglutide.

Consensus recommendations for safe practices in bariatric and metabolic surgery tourism (BMT) were established by healthcare professionals and patient representatives across Europe.

Healthcare providers should adhere to the established consensus recommendations for BMT.

Further evaluation is required regarding outcomes following bariatric and metabolic surgery tourism.

Ongoing research is essential to assess the effectiveness and safety of BMT practices.

Injectable pharmacotherapies are effective strategies to manage obesity by targeting metabolic pathways.

Practitioners can consider injectable pharmacotherapies as a viable option for obesity management.