Browse the evidence

Moderate load training (8-12 repetitions per set) leads to statistically greater increases in lateral thigh muscle thickness compared to heavy load training (2-4 repetitions per set).

For practitioners, moderate load training is recommended for enhancing muscle size.

Heavy load training is superior for maximal strength goals, while moderate load training is more suited to hypertrophy-related goals when an equal number of sets are performed.

For practitioners, understanding the distinct benefits of heavy versus moderate loads can inform training program design.

Exercise influences energy regulation and facilitates a reduction in body fat.

Incorporating exercise can help reduce body fat without dietary changes.

Higher exercise energy expenditures are associated with progressive loss of body fat in both men and women.

Encouraging higher levels of exercise can lead to greater fat loss.

Coaction of behavior change occurs significantly more in treatment groups compared to control groups, with 70.8% of logistic regressions showing significant coaction in treatment groups.

Interventions targeting multiple behaviors can enhance the likelihood of behavior change.

Individuals in the treatment group who progressed to Action/Maintenance for one behavior were 1.4-5 times more likely to make progress on another behavior.

Encouraging progress in one behavior can facilitate progress in others.

The American Heart Association recommends a variety of foods to reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), including fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, lean meat, low-fat dairy, and legumes.

Practitioners should incorporate a variety of heart-healthy foods into dietary plans for patients at risk of CVD.

The National Cholesterol Education Program recommends reductions in saturated fat and cholesterol, and suggests therapeutic dietary options for enhancing LDL-cholesterol lowering.

Healthcare providers should recommend dietary changes to lower LDL-cholesterol as part of cardiovascular risk management.

Including foods with cardioprotective effects, such as nuts, soy, legumes, alcohol, tea, and garlic, is beneficial for reducing CVD risk.

Encourage patients to include a variety of cardioprotective foods in their diets.

High doses of protein in the range of 1.2-2.5 g/kg/d may be required in the ICU to optimize nutrition therapy and reduce mortality.

Healthcare professionals should consider administering higher protein doses to critically ill patients to improve outcomes.

Achieving protein goals the first week following admission to the ICU should take precedence over meeting energy goals.

Prioritize protein intake in the first week of ICU admission to enhance recovery.

Progressive resistance training promotes strength gains in both the young and the aged.

Resistance training should be recommended for both young and older populations to enhance strength.

Resistance exercise reduces risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Incorporating resistance training can be a preventive strategy for metabolic diseases.

Resistance exercise improves functional independence and reduces the risk of falls in aged persons.

Resistance training should be emphasized in older adults to enhance safety and independence.

Lifestyle and behavioral modification for obesity and/or PDWG in psychiatric populations is effective.

Encouraging lifestyle changes can be beneficial for patients experiencing PDWG.

Diet composition can influence energy intake and nutrient balance in obesity treatment.

Practitioners should consider diet composition as a factor in obesity treatment strategies.

Combining a reduced-fat diet with aerobic exercise has the greatest chance for success in obesity treatment.

Encourage clients to adopt a reduced-fat diet alongside aerobic exercise for better weight management.

The main treatment goal for Metabolic Syndrome is weight loss and a decrease in insulin resistance.

Practitioners should focus on weight loss and reducing insulin resistance in patients with Metabolic Syndrome.

Dietary patterns such as Mediterranean-style, DASH, low-carbohydrate, and low-fat diets can ameliorate insulin resistance and MetS.

Practitioners should consider these dietary patterns for improving insulin resistance in patients.

Long-term adherence to a healthy lifestyle is key in reducing the risk of CVD and diabetes mellitus.

Practitioners should encourage long-term healthy lifestyle changes to reduce chronic disease risk.

6 months of body weight-supported treadmill (BWST) training increases muscle fiber size and oxidative capacity in persons with a spinal cord injury.

Practitioners can use BWST training to enhance muscle size and function in individuals with spinal cord injuries.

BWST training improves ambulatory capacity in persons with a spinal cord injury.

BWST training can be recommended to enhance walking ability in individuals with spinal cord injuries.

Resistance training performed to failure (RTF) showed a greater increase in muscle hypertrophy than resistance training not to failure (RTNF) with a standardized mean difference (SMD) of 0.75 (p = 0.005).

Practitioners may consider incorporating training to failure for enhanced muscle hypertrophy.

Among the 62 associations between diet and cardiometabolic disease (CMD), 10 foods, 3 beverages, and 12 nutrients had at least probable evidence of associations with coronary heart disease, stroke, and/or diabetes.

Dietary guidance can be informed by these associations to help reduce the risk of CMD.