Browse the evidence

Exposure to educational Planetary Health Plate (PHP) signage in a university dining hall significantly reduces the rate at which patrons take meat dishes, but does not significantly reduce the total weight of meat consumed or the average serving size.

Educational signage alone may not reduce total meat consumption in a buffet setting. While it can discourage some people from taking meat entirely, it does not reduce portion sizes. To reduce total intake, interventions must address portion control or serving sizes directly, not just information provision.

Semaglutide administration (up to 1.0 mg/week) in obese heart failure patients significantly reduces BMI and improves functional capacity (NYHA class and 6-minute walk distance) compared to standard medical therapy alone.

For obese heart failure patients, adding semaglutide to standard care can significantly reduce weight and improve heart failure symptoms and walking distance. The medication is taken once weekly, starting at a low dose to minimize nausea, and titrated up over months. While not a cure, it offers a pharmacological option for weight management in this specific population where exercise may be limited by dyspnea.

Semaglutide treatment (1.7-2.4 mg weekly) in patients with hypothalamic obesity secondary to craniopharyngioma produces sustained, clinically significant weight loss (median 16%) and improves metabolic biomarkers (HbA1c, LDL) over 24 months.

For patients with hypothalamic obesity, semaglutide (1.7-2.4 mg weekly) is an effective long-term treatment for weight loss and metabolic health. It is crucial to maintain consistent dosing, as interruptions can lead to fat mass regain. Side effects are generally mild and manageable.

Semaglutide treatment significantly reduces emotional and uncontrolled eating scores in patients with hypothalamic obesity, leading to improved quality of life and social functioning.

Semaglutide not only helps with weight loss but also significantly reduces emotional and uncontrolled eating, leading to improved quality of life and social functioning. Patients report feeling more confident and less isolated.

Multi-modal anti-obesity medication (mmAOM) therapy yields significantly greater preoperative percent total body weight loss (%TBWL) than GLP-1 receptor agonist monotherapy or non-pharmacologic medically supervised weight loss in patients with BMI ≥ 70 kg/m².

If you have a BMI of 70 or higher and are preparing for weight loss surgery, combining multiple weight loss medications (mmAOM) under medical supervision leads to significantly more weight loss than using just one GLP-1 medication or lifestyle changes alone. This approach helps reduce surgical risks. Discuss with your doctor if a combination therapy is appropriate for your insurance coverage and health profile.

Adding a GLP-1 agonist (oral semaglutide) to SGLT2 inhibitor therapy in patients with T2DM and NAFLD who have experienced SGLT2I rebound or failure significantly improves visceral adipose tissue index (VATI), subcutaneous adipose tissue index (SATI), and glycemic control (HbA1c).

If you have Type 2 Diabetes and fatty liver, and your current SGLT2 inhibitor medication (like luseogliflozin) stops working or your liver enzymes/blood sugar start to worsen, adding a GLP-1 agonist (like oral semaglutide) can significantly help reduce visceral and subcutaneous fat and improve blood sugar control. This strategy is specifically for those who do not respond well to SGLT2 inhibitors alone.

Nutritional supplementation can attenuate quadriceps muscle atrophy and promote hypertrophy following ACL injury and reconstruction through three primary mechanisms: direct stimulation of muscle protein synthesis, indirect enhancement of training capacity, and direct effects on satellite cell proliferation.

If you have had ACL surgery, do not rely on exercise alone to rebuild your thigh muscle. Incorporate nutritional strategies that support muscle protein synthesis (like adequate protein intake) and potentially supplements like creatine or caffeine (if appropriate for your rehab phase) to help your muscles grow and recover more effectively than exercise alone.

Low energy availability (energy deficit) following ACL injury can impair skeletal muscle hypertrophy and recovery, as the body may not have sufficient energy to support both healing and muscle growth.

After ACL surgery, avoid cutting calories to 'stay lean.' Your body needs sufficient energy to heal and rebuild muscle. Focus on eating enough to support your activity level and recovery, rather than restricting food intake.

Creatine supplementation may enhance muscle hypertrophy following ACL injury by increasing intramuscular phosphocreatine, thereby improving high-intensity exercise capacity, and potentially stimulating mTOR and satellite cell proliferation.

Consider creatine supplementation during the later stages of your ACL rehab when you start doing more intense exercises. It can help your muscles generate energy faster and may support muscle growth.

A high-protein breakfast (34g) containing dairy (skyr) may positively influence bone mineral content (BMC) compared to a low-protein breakfast, potentially due to higher calcium intake.

Eating a high-protein breakfast with dairy (like skyr) provides more calcium, which may help maintain or slightly increase bone mineral content over 12 weeks. This is a secondary benefit and not a primary driver for weight loss.

Female volleyball players are at high risk of Low Energy Availability (LEA), leading to negative health outcomes like menstrual dysfunction and bone loss.

Ensure you are eating enough to fuel your training. If you are feeling constantly tired, missing periods, or getting injured often, you might not be eating enough. Focus on balanced meals with enough carbohydrates, protein, and fats to support your activity level.

Rugby union athletes consume protein in a disproportionate pattern, with the majority of intake occurring at dinner, failing to meet the recommended per-meal dose of 0.4g.kg at a minimum of four eating occasions.

Stop waiting until dinner to eat your protein. Your muscles need a steady stream of amino acids, not a flood at the end of the day. Aim for at least 0.4 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight at four separate meals. If you are 100kg, that’s 40g of protein at breakfast, lunch, dinner, and a snack. Use supplements or quick whole foods (like eggs or yogurt) to hit these targets if you are busy.

High intake of dietary cholesterol is associated with higher obesity indices (Conicity Index, Abdominal Volume Index, Body Roundness Index, Weight-adjusted-waist index) in healthy adults, whereas it is associated with a lower Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP).

In this study, people who ate more than the recommended amount of cholesterol (>300 mg/day) had higher measures of body fat distribution (waist-to-height, body roundness) than those who ate less. However, they also had a better Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP). This suggests that simply cutting cholesterol might not be enough to address obesity indices, and the relationship between dietary cholesterol and heart health markers is complex and may vary by individual metabolic factors.

Total fat, saturated fat (SFA), and polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) intake have a significant moderate correlation with abdominal volume index (AVI) and body roundness index (BRI), indicating that fat quantity and specific types influence abdominal adiposity.

This study found that higher intake of total fat, saturated fat, and polyunsaturated fat is moderately correlated with higher abdominal fat levels (measured by AVI and BRI). This suggests that not just total calories, but the type of fat you eat, may influence where you store fat. Replacing some saturated fats with other types might be beneficial for managing abdominal adiposity.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Malaysia predominantly consume macronutrient proportions within the Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) guidelines for carbohydrates and protein, but consistently exceed the recommended limits for fat intake.

If you have Type 2 Diabetes, your current diet likely gets carbohydrates and protein amounts right according to Malaysian guidelines, but you are eating too much fat. To improve your dietary pattern, focus on reducing fat intake to fall within the recommended 25-35% of total energy, while maintaining your current carbohydrate and protein levels.

Weekly subcutaneous semaglutide (up to 2.4 mg) reduces BMI, HbA1c, and blood pressure, and improves self-rated quality of life in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and obesity.

For patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and obesity, weekly semaglutide injections (up to 2.4 mg) can effectively reduce weight, improve blood sugar control, and lower blood pressure, while also improving quality of life. This treatment is feasible in inpatient settings, even for those with severe mental illness, though side effects like nausea may lead some to discontinue. It should be considered as part of a comprehensive care plan including dietary advice.

Yoga interventions significantly reduce serum leptin levels and increase serum adiponectin levels in individuals with obesity or metabolic syndrome.

If you have obesity or metabolic syndrome, incorporating yoga into your routine may help improve your hormonal balance by lowering leptin (which drives hunger) and raising adiponectin (which fights inflammation). For best results, look for programs that combine yoga with dietary changes, as the hormonal benefits appear stronger when diet is also addressed.

Integrating Bluetooth-connected blood glucose meters with popular digital health therapeutics (Noom, Fitbit, Cecelia Health, Welldoc) for 3 months significantly lowers HbA1c in people with type 2 diabetes.

If you have Type 2 Diabetes and struggle with glucose control, using a Bluetooth-connected glucose meter paired with a popular health app (like Noom, Fitbit, or a coaching app) for 3 months can significantly lower your HbA1c. You don't need to test constantly (average 1.5 times/day was effective) or change your medications. The key is choosing an app that fits your lifestyle and engaging with it daily to track your progress and receive feedback.

Qingre Lishi decoction, when combined with lifestyle intervention, significantly improves glycemic control (FPG, 2hPG, eHbA1c) and reduces glycemic variability (TIR, SD, CV) in newly diagnosed overweight/obese T2DM patients compared to lifestyle intervention alone.

For newly diagnosed obese T2DM patients, adding Qingre Lishi decoction (300ml daily split into 3 doses) to standard lifestyle changes (diet/exercise) significantly improves blood sugar stability and time-in-range compared to lifestyle changes alone. This herbal intervention was shown to be safe with fewer hypoglycemic events.

Adherence to a high-quality low carbohydrate diet (high LCDS) is associated with a significant reduction in A Body Shape Index (ABSI), a marker of central obesity, independent of BMI and other confounders.

Focus on reducing refined carbohydrates and sugars while increasing fiber, healthy fats (like MUFAs), and vegetable proteins. This specific dietary pattern is linked to a reduction in abdominal fat (measured by ABSI) in middle-aged adults, even if overall weight (BMI) doesn't change significantly. Prioritize whole foods like vegetables, fruits, and dairy over strict calorie counting.

Adherence to a high-quality carbohydrate diet (high fiber, low glycemic index, high whole-grain ratio, high solid-to-liquid carbohydrate ratio) is associated with a significantly lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome, primarily driven by reduced hypertriglyceridemia.

To lower your risk of metabolic syndrome, focus on the quality of your carbohydrates rather than just cutting them out. Prioritize foods high in dietary fiber, whole grains, and those with a low glycemic index, while minimizing liquid carbohydrates like sugary drinks and refined grains. This shift specifically helps lower triglyceride levels, a key component of metabolic health.

Longer-muscle length resistance training (LML-RT) produces greater longitudinal hypertrophy (fascicle length increases) and overall muscle size compared to shorter-muscle length resistance training (SML-RT).

To maximize muscle growth, especially in terms of muscle length (fascicle length), prioritize exercises that allow you to train at longer muscle lengths (e.g., deep squats, overhead extensions). While shorter-range training can build muscle, training through a fuller or lengthened range of motion appears to offer a superior hypertrophic advantage, particularly for longitudinal growth.

Long-term semaglutide treatment (0.5–2 mg weekly) induces significant weight loss (up to 14.4%) and appetite suppression in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) patients without diabetes, though efficacy is variable and weight regain occurs upon discontinuation.

For PWS patients, semaglutide (0.5-2mg weekly) is a viable option for weight loss and appetite control, even after bariatric surgery. However, results vary, and stopping the drug leads to weight regain. It should be used as a long-term maintenance therapy alongside strict dietary controls, not as a one-time fix.

Short-term intensive insulin therapy improves beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity, increasing the likelihood of achieving type 2 diabetes remission compared to oral hypoglycemic agents alone.

For early-stage Type 2 Diabetes, short-term intensive insulin therapy can help restore your pancreas's ability to produce insulin. This approach is more effective for achieving remission than oral medications alone, though it requires strict adherence and monitoring during the intensive phase.