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No significant differences were observed in biliary cancer or hepatocellular carcinoma between GLP-1 RAs and other oral antidiabetic medications.

Clinicians can consider GLP-1 RAs without increased concern for biliary or liver cancer risks.

Incidental exposure to incretin-based medications during early pregnancy is becoming more likely.

Clinicians should be aware of the risks of medication exposure in unplanned pregnancies.

Both drugs are associated with kidney and thyroid disorders.

Healthcare providers should monitor kidney and thyroid function in patients using these medications.

GLP-1RA development traces a century of translational progress from gut hormones to multi-agonist therapeutics.

Understanding the historical context can inform current therapeutic approaches.

None of the four glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) or glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)/GLP-1RA therapies were cost-effective compared with lifestyle management.

Practitioners should consider lifestyle management as the most cost-effective option for treating obesity in this population.

Natural products from plants are a promising source for new lead structures for drug discovery targeting obesity.

Practitioners may consider exploring natural plant metabolites for obesity treatment.

No clinically relevant differences in generic health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were observed between sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Clinicians can expect similar HRQoL outcomes from both surgical options for patients with severe obesity.

JMV-449 induced noticeable dose-dependent insulin-releasing actions in BRIN-BD11 beta-cells.

JMV-449 may be a promising agent for enhancing insulin secretion in diabetes treatment.

A new classification of patients with diabetes mellitus into clusters can assess the risk of developing diabetic nephropathy.

Practitioners can use this classification to better assess nephropathy risk in diabetic patients.

Systematic screening for advanced fibrosis related to MASLD is recommended for patients with T2D.

Healthcare professionals should implement systematic screening for liver fibrosis in diabetic patients.

Perioperative mortality for bariatric surgery averages 0.3% in accredited centers.

Practitioners can reassure patients about the low perioperative mortality risk in accredited facilities.

The exact molecule(s) that ‘sense’ mechanical loading and translate that signal to a biochemical event leading to upregulation of MPS remains elusive.

Further research is needed to identify the molecules involved in sensing mechanical loading.

Change in accelerometry-measured MVPA at 1 year and self-reported change in PA at 1 and 4 years were not associated with CVD outcomes.

Self-reported PA changes may not be reliable indicators of CVD risk in this population.

Muscle function indices, including peak isometric maximal voluntary contraction and total distance walked, remained unaltered during the study.

Practitioners can note that short-term inactivity may not affect muscle function in older adults as significantly as metabolic health.

The food industry generates close to $2 trillion in annual sales in the United States.

This indicates the significant economic impact of the food industry.

Food politics refers to how governments make decisions affecting food systems.

Understanding food politics is crucial for navigating food policy and industry dynamics.

Power over food production and consumption is distributed unequally, favoring large corporations.

This suggests that advocacy for equitable food policies is necessary.

The evidence does not support the supplementation with phosphatidic acid (PA) to increase performance or improve body composition in young or elderly men.

Practitioners should be cautious in recommending PA as an anabolic supplement due to lack of supporting evidence.

Three studies suggested no effect of phosphatidic acid on lean body mass.

The lack of effect on lean body mass suggests PA may not be a viable supplement for muscle gain.

In women with type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (CAN1: HR 1.64, CAN2: HR 1.58, CAN3: HR 1.78) and cardiovascular disease mortality (CAN1: HR 2.25, CAN2: HR 2.22, CAN3: HR 3.31).

Healthcare providers should prioritize monitoring CAN in women with type 2 diabetes to mitigate mortality risk.

Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is not significantly associated with mortality in men with type 2 diabetes.

Men with type 2 diabetes may require different monitoring strategies for mortality risk compared to women.

There was no association found between weight loss and improvement in FEV1 or FVC.

Weight loss from GLP-1 therapies may not lead to improvements in lung function, indicating the need for further investigation.

Side effects were common and led to discontinuation of the medication in 18.5% of patients.

Clinicians should monitor for side effects in patients on GLP-1 therapies, as they may affect treatment adherence.

GPR75 is an attractive pharmacological target for the treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome.

Targeting GPR75 may lead to more effective treatments for obesity and metabolic syndrome.