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Metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) was associated with greater total weight loss (mean 28.3%) compared to GLP-1 receptor agonists (mean 10.3%) in patients with class II and III obesity.

MBS may be a more effective option for significant weight loss in patients with higher obesity classes.

Carbohydrate restriction leads to weight loss and improved glycaemic status in obese and diabetic subjects.

Implementing carbohydrate restriction can be an effective strategy for weight loss and improving blood sugar levels in targeted populations.

A Mediterranean diet should serve as a basis that can be restructured into other kinds of diets for NAFLD patients.

Practitioners should consider using a Mediterranean diet as a flexible foundation for dietary recommendations for NAFLD patients.

Dietary composition is important for long-term health outcomes in NAFLD patients.

Practitioners should prioritize healthy dietary compositions to ensure long-term safety and efficacy for NAFLD patients.

The intervention group achieved significantly higher protein intake at 26–28 weeks and 36–38 weeks gestation.

Practitioners should focus on increasing protein intake in pregnant women through structured dietary interventions.

Both moderate-load and high-load resistance training resulted in significant increases in lean body mass (1.5 ± 0.83 kg) and lean dry mass (1.32 ± 0.62 kg).

Both training methods are effective for increasing muscle mass in untrained young women.

Both training groups experienced significant decreases in percent body fat (1.3 ± 1.3%).

Both training methods can effectively reduce body fat in untrained young women.

Both moderate-load and high-load training improved strength and power, as evidenced by increases in vertical jump (2.9 ± 3.2 cm) and back squat one repetition maximum (22.5 ± 8.1 kg).

Both training methods are effective for enhancing strength and power in untrained young women.

The multidomain lifestyle intervention (ILI) resulted in a 9% lower increase in multimorbidity index scores compared to diabetes support and education (DSE) over 8 years.

Implementing a multidomain lifestyle intervention may help reduce the progression of multimorbidity in at-risk individuals.

HIIT increased left ventricular stroke volume (LVSV) by 3 months (P = 0.02).

HIIT can enhance stroke volume during exercise in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Heavier loads (80% of 1RM) produce greater mean and matched integrated EMG muscle activation compared to lighter loads (50% of 1RM).

Practitioners should consider using heavier loads to enhance muscle activation during bench press exercises.

Low-load resistance exercise (50% of 1RM) results in greater total integrated EMG muscle activation compared to high-load resistance exercise (80% of 1RM).

Incorporating low-load exercises may enhance overall muscle activation in training programs.

Carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation during soccer matches results in muscle glycogen sparing (39%), greater second-half running distances, and more goals being scored with less conceded compared to consumption of water.

Practitioners should consider recommending CHO supplementation for soccer players during matches to enhance performance.

Daily carbohydrate intakes of soccer players are often insufficient to replenish muscle glycogen stores.

Soccer players may need to increase their carbohydrate intake to ensure adequate glycogen stores.

Both traditional (TD) and pyramidal (PR) resistance training systems resulted in significant increases in muscular strength in older women, with TD showing a 12.4% increase in 1RM chest press and PR showing an 11.5% increase.

Both training systems can be effectively used to enhance strength in older female populations.

Both training systems resulted in significant increases in skeletal muscle mass, with TD showing a 3.6% increase and PR showing a 2.4% increase.

Both training systems can be utilized to promote muscle gain in older female populations.

Maternal change in step counts strongly predicts child change in step counts for that day, with children taking an additional 2117.6 steps above baseline on days when their mother met her goal.

Encouraging mothers to meet physical activity goals can significantly increase children's activity levels.

Paternal change in step counts also strongly predicts child change in step counts for that day, with children taking an additional 1598.0 steps above baseline on days when their father met his goal.

Encouraging fathers to meet physical activity goals can also significantly increase children's activity levels.

Intensified training increased MyoPS and SarcPS above the washout phase with greater increases observed with LA than CP.

Supplementing with LA during intensified training may enhance muscle protein synthesis more than collagen.

Protein synthesis was enhanced to a greater extent when trained participants consumed LA compared with CP during intensified aerobic training.

Endurance athletes should consider LA over collagen for better training adaptations.

The percentage of weight loss as fat-free mass (%FFML) using GLP-1RA-based agents was between 20% and 40%.

Practitioners can expect that GLP-1RA treatments may lead to significant fat-free mass loss.

AOMs have established efficacy and effectiveness for weight loss even beyond 52 weeks.

Practitioners can consider AOMs as effective long-term options for weight management.

Clinical data supporting the use of various FDA-approved medications for weight loss are presented.

Practitioners can rely on clinical data when prescribing FDA-approved weight loss medications.

Medication options are available to treat obesity, which can help reduce appetite and/or reduce caloric intake.

Practitioners can consider pharmacological treatments to assist patients in managing obesity.