Browse the evidence

There has been a shift in the therapeutic approach to coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).

Healthcare providers should stay updated on evolving treatment strategies for CAD in T2DM patients.

GLP-1 receptor agonist patients demonstrated higher overall complication rates (20%) compared to controls (10%), though this was not statistically significant (p=0.47).

Clinicians should be aware of the potential for higher complication rates in patients using GLP-1 receptor agonists.

GLP-1 receptor agonist patients had significantly lower serum albumin (4.06 g/dL) and prealbumin levels (23.52 mg/dL) compared to controls (4.22 g/dL and 25.55 mg/dL, respectively).

Monitoring nutritional status, including serum albumin and prealbumin, may be important for patients on GLP-1 receptor agonists.

Tirzepatide dose-dependently reduced voluntary alcohol consumption and prevented binge and relapse-like drinking.

Tirzepatide may help in managing alcohol use disorder by reducing consumption and preventing relapse.

Tirzepatide affected metabolic parameters including body weight, adipose tissue mass, hepatic triglycerides, and circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Tirzepatide may have beneficial effects on metabolic health in addition to its impact on alcohol consumption.

Global consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) has increased dramatically.

Practitioners should be aware of the rising trend in UPF consumption.

No additional benefits were observed for ∑MT.

Practitioners should note that increasing volume may not benefit all measures of training outcomes.

GLP-1 medicines may contribute to decreased cancer incidence.

Consider the potential cancer risk reduction when prescribing GLP-1 medicines.

Gastrointestinal side effects were most common, with Semaglutide showing the highest incidence.

Clinicians should be aware of the potential for gastrointestinal side effects, particularly with Semaglutide.

GLP-1 RA use was associated with a higher risk of gastroparesis (HR 1.591, P < 0.001) and intussusception (HR 1.383, P = 0.025) compared with oral antidiabetic therapy.

Clinicians should monitor patients on GLP-1 RAs for signs of gastroparesis and intussusception.

Both semaglutide and tirzepatide show gastrointestinal side effects including nausea, vomiting, pancreatitis, and diarrhea.

Clinicians should be aware of these common gastrointestinal side effects when prescribing these medications.

Tirzepatide is preferred over semaglutide due to less reported side effects and enhanced benefits in promoting bone formation.

Tirzepatide may be a better option for patients needing obesity management with fewer side effects.

GLP-1 receptor agonists reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) by 3.4 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) by 0.9 mmHg.

GLP-1 receptor agonists can be considered for managing blood pressure in overweight or obese patients.

Incretin-based therapy did not increase the risk of hypoglycaemia or pancreatitis.

Clinicians can consider incretin-based therapies as safe options for managing obesity and hypertension without increasing hypoglycaemia or pancreatitis risk.

Rational protein engineering and delivery innovations transformed incretin biology into global metabolic therapeutics.

Innovations in protein engineering can enhance therapeutic efficacy.

The balance between adipose tissue reduction and lean mass preservation with GLP-1RAs remains incompletely understood in clinical settings.

Further research is needed to clarify the effects of GLP-1RAs on body composition in clinical practice.

Obesity is associated with increased risk of cancer, accounting for approximately 10% of new cancer diagnoses annually in the US.

Healthcare practitioners should consider obesity as a significant risk factor for cancer in their patients.

Adverse events from semaglutide were generally mild to moderate gastrointestinal effects and occurred more frequently in the semaglutide group.

Clinicians should monitor for mild to moderate gastrointestinal side effects in patients treated with semaglutide.

Semaglutide reduced frailty burden after 52 weeks of treatment.

Semaglutide may be beneficial in reducing frailty in patients with obesity-related HFpEF over a year.

Semaglutide (SEM) and tirzepatide (TIR) use was associated with greater annualized total hip (TH) bone loss in patients without diabetes mellitus (DM) compared to controls.

Practitioners should monitor bone health in patients using GLP-1 RAs, especially those without DM.

Total hip (TH) bone loss was comparable between GLP-1 RA users and controls among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM).

Bone health monitoring may be less critical for patients with DM using GLP-1 RAs.

Long-term cardiovascular outcome data for recent anti-obesity medications remain inconclusive or lacking.

Practitioners should be cautious and consider the lack of long-term data when prescribing these medications.

Semaglutide users had higher rates of pneumonia (2.97 % vs 0.85 %, p < 0.05) compared to non-users.

Clinicians should be aware of the increased risk of pneumonia in patients using semaglutide.

Patients with longer semaglutide use had a higher incidence of urinary tract infection (4.03 % vs 1.27 %, p < 0.05) and acute kidney injury (3.18 % vs 0.85 %, p < 0.05).

Healthcare providers should monitor for urinary tract infections and kidney injury in patients on long-term semaglutide.