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Aerobic capacity increased only after HIIT and ENT by +14% ± 7% and +11% ± 11% respectively (P < 0.05).

HIIT and endurance training are effective for improving aerobic capacity in middle-aged men.

Semaglutide showed the most significant weight reduction among patients with IBD.

Semaglutide may be effective for weight management in IBD patients.

Resistance training with both pyramid systems (NPR and WPR) is effective for improving health-related parameters in older adults.

Incorporating resistance training can be beneficial for health in older women.

The use of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) post-bariatric treatment results in a weight reduction of 7.83 kg compared to pre-treatment.

GLP-1RAs can be an effective strategy for weight management in patients after bariatric surgery.

In randomized controlled trials, GLP-1RAs induce a weight reduction of 4.36 kg compared to placebo.

GLP-1RAs can be beneficial for weight loss in a controlled setting post-bariatric surgery.

GLP-1 receptor agonists provide an effective alternative to metabolic surgery and dietary interventions for obesity treatment.

GLP-1 receptor agonists may be recommended as a non-surgical option for managing obesity.

Training increased muscle strength by approximately 20%-126%, muscle thickness by approximately 8%-11%, and average fiber cross-sectional area by approximately 15%-20%.

Resistance training significantly enhances muscle strength and size in both sexes.

MyoPS is positively associated with muscle thickness and fiber cross-sectional area only in the trained state for both sexes.

Monitoring MyoPS can be important for assessing muscle growth in trained individuals.

Retatrutide and orforglipron are effective in weight loss and improving metabolic parameters associated with obesity.

These drugs may be considered as therapeutic options for obesity management.

Consumption of certain foods, such as beans, should be increased due to their positive health effects.

Encouraging the consumption of beans can be beneficial for health.

Velocity-based resistance training with matched training volume leads to similar effects in maximal and explosive strength.

Both training methods can be effectively used interchangeably for strength training.

Specific dietary compositions may work better for identifiable groups of overweight/obese individuals based on their individual metabolic status.

Dietary prescriptions may need to be tailored based on individual metabolic characteristics.

Specific dietary compositions may work better for identifiable groups of overweight/obese individuals based on their individual metabolic status.

Practitioners may consider individual metabolic status when prescribing dietary plans.

Weight reduction and management strategies may improve chronic kidney disease outcomes.

Weight management should be considered as part of CKD treatment plans.

Both leucine and alanine groups showed similar increases in leg-press one-repetition maximum (1RM) after the intervention.

Both leucine and alanine supplementation resulted in similar strength improvements, indicating that leucine may not be necessary for strength gains.

Nutritional strategies are necessary to confront adaptations to body mass loss.

Dietitians should implement specific nutritional strategies to support weight loss efforts.

Increasing physical activity may help maintain diet-induced body mass loss in the long term.

Encouraging clients to increase physical activity can support long-term weight loss maintenance.

Reducing intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) stores via a 3-day consumption of a very-low-fat (LFAT) diet does not impair running performance compared to a moderate-fat (MFAT) diet.

Endurance athletes may not need to worry about performance impairment when following a very-low-fat diet for a short duration.

A moderate-fat (MFAT) diet lowers triglycerides and improves the total cholesterol:HDL cholesterol ratio.

A moderate-fat diet may be more beneficial for maintaining healthy lipid levels in athletes.

N-3 PUFA supplementation increased thigh fat free mass (TFFM) from 3774 ± 158 g to 3961 ± 151 g (P < 0.05) compared to placebo which increased from 3406 ± 201 g to 3561 ± 170 g.

Practitioners may consider n-3 PUFA supplementation to enhance muscle mass in older women.

N-3 PUFA supplementation resulted in a significant increase in type II fibre cross-sectional area (CSA) from 3097 ± 339 μm2 to 4329 ± 264 μm2 (P < 0.05) compared to placebo.

N-3 PUFA may be beneficial for increasing muscle fibre size in older women.

Creatine supplementation combined with resistance training leads to greater increases in skeletal muscle mass (SMM), total body water, and intracellular water (ICW) compared to placebo.

Creatine supplementation may enhance muscle mass and hydration in resistance-trained individuals.

The SMM/ECW ratio decreased only in the creatine group.

Creatine supplementation may alter the balance of muscle mass to extracellular water in resistance-trained individuals.

At 60% of 1RM squat, both fast and slow eccentric conditions produced greater peak concentric velocity (PCV) than normative duration.

Using faster eccentric phases may enhance peak performance in squats.