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Post-exercise protein (PRO) intake exceeded current recommendations by 4.6-fold.

Athletes may be consuming excessive protein post-exercise, which could be adjusted based on recommendations.

A habitual protein intake of approximately 1.1 g·kg -1 ·d -1 associated with resistance training may be necessary to optimize gains in skeletal muscle mass in untrained older women.

Practitioners should recommend a protein intake of around 1.1 g·kg -1 ·d -1 for older women engaging in resistance training to enhance muscle mass.

There is a positive correlation between daily protein intake and changes in skeletal muscle mass.

Increasing protein intake may enhance muscle mass gains in older women undergoing resistance training.

Both resistance training groups (two sessions and four sessions per week) increased chest and thigh circumferences, strength, and explosive actions performance tests compared to the control group after 8 weeks of training.

Incorporating resistance training can lead to significant improvements in body composition and performance metrics.

Four sessions of resistance training per week produced greater gains in muscular strength for the upper body measures (1RM bench press and arm curl) compared to two sessions per week.

Increasing the frequency of resistance training sessions can enhance upper body strength gains.

Resistance training improved muscle strength, explosive actions performance, and markers of muscle size in recreationally trained men.

Resistance training is effective for enhancing strength and muscle size in trained individuals.

Hypertrophy is maximized with resistance training that provides sufficient mechanical tension and effective fiber recruitment, with a recommended weekly volume of ~10 to 20 sets per muscle group.

Practitioners should aim for 10 to 20 sets per muscle group weekly to optimize muscle growth.

Adequate protein intake of approximately 1.6 g/kg/day is essential for supporting hypertrophy, with meal distribution of about 3-4 meals/day recommended.

Ensure protein intake is around 1.6 g/kg/day and distribute meals to support muscle growth.

Adequate sleep duration of 7-9 hours per night is emphasized as foundational for recovery and adaptation in hypertrophy training.

Prioritize 7-9 hours of sleep per night to enhance recovery and muscle growth.

Both resistance training groups (two sessions and four sessions per week) increased chest and thigh circumferences, strength, and explosive actions performance tests compared to the control group after 8 weeks of training.

Both two and four sessions of resistance training can effectively improve body composition and performance in recreationally trained men.

Four sessions of resistance training per week produced greater gains in muscular strength for the upper body measures (1RM bench press and arm curl) compared to two sessions per week.

Increasing resistance training frequency to four sessions per week may enhance upper body strength gains.

Resistance training improved muscle strength, explosive actions performance, and markers of muscle size in recreationally trained men.

Resistance training is effective for improving strength and muscle size in recreationally trained individuals.

An intervention focusing on physical activity in IGT subjects showed tendencies to decrease body weight, waist circumference, and sagittal diameter.

Encouraging physical activity can help reduce metabolic risk factors in individuals with IGT.

Daily supplementation with 38 g/day of lactic acid bacteria–fermented whey protein (LAB-FWP) led to significant improvements in physical performance, including an increase in electronic Short Physical Performance Battery (eSPPB) scores (P = .034) and hand grip strength (P = .043).

Practitioners may consider recommending LAB-FWP supplementation to improve physical performance in older adults.

The intervention group showed greater gains in skeletal muscle mass index (Δ = 1.5, P = .004) compared to controls.

LAB-FWP may be an effective strategy for increasing muscle mass in older adults.

Both resistance training groups (two sessions and four sessions per week) increased chest and thigh circumferences, strength, and explosive actions performance tests compared to the control group after 8 weeks of training.

Incorporating resistance training can lead to significant improvements in body composition and performance metrics.

Four sessions of resistance training per week produced greater gains in muscular strength for upper body measures (1RM bench press and arm curl) compared to two sessions per week.

For optimal strength gains, practitioners should consider recommending four sessions of resistance training per week.

Resistance training improved muscle strength, explosive actions performance, and markers of muscle size in recreationally trained men.

Resistance training is effective for enhancing muscle size and performance in trained individuals.

Moderate weight loss is associated with favorable clinical outcomes, including significant reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes and blood pressure levels.

Encouraging moderate weight loss can be an effective strategy for improving health outcomes.

Weight loss may be a useful therapeutic objective in the prevention and management of comorbidities associated with overweight/obesity.

Weight loss should be considered a key goal in managing patients with obesity-related health issues.

Bariatric surgery results in substantial and sustained weight loss in morbidly obese patients.

Bariatric surgery can be an effective intervention for achieving significant weight loss in morbidly obese individuals.

Bariatric surgery improves diabetes control and induces high rates of diabetes remission.

Bariatric surgery may be considered as a treatment option for improving diabetes management and achieving remission.

Resistance exercise performed at longer muscle length produced significantly greater muscle hypertrophy compared to shorter length (ES = 0.283; CI 0.04–0.52; p = 0.036).

Practitioners should consider incorporating resistance training at longer muscle lengths to enhance muscle hypertrophy.

Regional hypertrophy at both distal and central regions was significantly favored by longer muscle length intervention.

Targeting both distal and central muscle regions with longer length training may optimize hypertrophy outcomes.