Research

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The hazard ratios for heart failure by type of microvascular disease are 2.22 for nephropathy, 1.30 for retinopathy, and 1.33 for neuropathy.

Different types of MVD should be evaluated for their specific risks in heart failure.

StrongSupportsmedium confidence
The hazard ratios for HF by type of MVD were 2.22 (95% CI, 1.51–3.27), 1.30 (95% CI, 0.72–2.36), and 1.33 (95% CI, 0.86–2.07) for nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy, respectively.
Arnaud D. Kazé et al. · Journal of the American Heart Association · 2021

Why this rating

Based on a large cohort study design.

Source

Microvascular Disease and Incident Heart Failure Among Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Arnaud D. Kazé et al. · Journal of the American Heart Association · 2021

DOI 10.1161/jaha.120.018998

cohort · n=4095Cited 40×
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DOI resolved against Crossref · corpus check 2026-06-10

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