Browse the evidence

Adherence to treatment protocols is a critical determinant of success in obesity management, and individualized care plans are recommended to improve adherence.

Success depends on sticking to your plan. If you find yourself struggling to follow a complex regimen, ask your doctor for an individualized care plan. A multidisciplinary team (doctors, dietitians, psychologists) can tailor the approach to your life, making it easier to adhere to long-term.

An online multidisciplinary collaborative weight loss management program significantly improves glycemic control (HbA1c, fasting, and postprandial blood glucose) and self-management abilities in obese or overweight patients with type 2 diabetes compared to conventional outpatient management.

If you have type 2 diabetes and are overweight, an online program with a dedicated team (doctor, dietitian, exercise coach, psychologist) can help you manage your blood sugar and weight better than standard clinic visits. You will need to use a smartphone app to log your food, exercise, and body measurements daily, and participate in online courses. The program provides regular feedback and support from experts to help you stay on track. This approach has been shown to significantly lower HbA1c and improve your ability to manage your health.

High protein intake is the most satiating macronutrient per calorie and promotes weight loss and fat loss when combined with calorie restriction, primarily by preserving lean mass and increasing energy expenditure.

Eating more protein helps you feel full and lose weight, especially if you are also eating fewer calories or exercising. It helps keep your muscles while you lose fat. However, just eating protein without exercise won't necessarily make you a better athlete or significantly stronger.

Combining high adherence to a macronutrient-restricted diet (low-carb or low-fat) with high dietary quality yields significantly greater weight loss than either factor alone or low adherence/quality.

If you are following a low-carb or low-fat diet, your weight loss success depends heavily on two things: how closely you stick to the diet (adherence) and how nutritious the food is (quality). Simply cutting carbs or fat without focusing on whole foods and dietary quality may not lead to significant weight loss. To maximize results, aim for both high adherence to your chosen macronutrient limits and high dietary quality (e.g., high Healthy Eating Index score).

Resistance training is the most effective exercise intervention for improving muscle strength, physical performance, and mitigating muscle mass loss in older adults with sarcopenia.

For older adults concerned about muscle loss, resistance training is the most proven exercise method to maintain strength and independence. It should be considered a first-line treatment, ideally prescribed personally to fit individual needs.

Among adherent participants (completing ≥80% of coaching calls), the same remote weight loss intervention resulted in significant weight loss compared to non-adherent participants.

If you can commit to the full program, including regular check-ins, significant weight loss is possible. The key is adherence, which may require more support or tailored engagement strategies for cancer survivors.

Engagement with a nutritionist is a significant independent predictor of achieving relevant weight loss (≥7% and ≥10%) in MASLD patients, even when controlling for baseline BMI and other comorbidities.

If you have MASLD, seeking help from a qualified nutritionist significantly increases your chances of losing enough weight to improve your liver health. The study shows that patients who worked with a nutritionist were nearly 4 times more likely to lose 10% or more of their body weight. Make this a priority in your care plan.

Lifestyle interventions (diet and exercise) are effective in preventing or delaying Type 2 Diabetes in high-risk groups, including those with a history of GDM, but adherence remains a significant barrier.

For women with a history of GDM, aiming for 150 minutes of physical activity per week combined with dietary changes is the most effective way to prevent Type 2 Diabetes. Structured programs offering health coaching and group support can improve adherence and outcomes. Regular monitoring of HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose is recommended.

Intensive, frequent dietitian-supported nutritional education significantly reduces total energy and carbohydrate intake in patients with type 2 diabetes compared to standard annual education.

For patients with Type 2 Diabetes, especially those with kidney issues, seeing a dietitian frequently (at every visit) is more effective for reducing calorie and carb intake than seeing them once a year. This frequent support helps patients make better food choices, such as eating more fish and fewer sweets, leading to significant reductions in total energy intake over two years.

Health Behavior Intervention (HBI) consisting of 13 dietician-led counseling sessions over 1 year is a cost-effective strategy for managing class III obesity compared to no treatment.

For individuals with class III obesity, engaging in 13 dietician-led counseling sessions over a year is a cost-effective way to manage weight and prevent complications, especially if surgery is not an option.

A 12-week dietitian-led telehealth intervention using web-based applications reduces 24-hour systolic blood pressure by approximately 6.7 mmHg, achieving efficacy comparable to a self-directed approach using the same digital tools.

To lower your blood pressure, you can use a structured digital program. If you add weekly check-ins with a dietitian who helps you set goals and stay motivated, you may get an extra benefit in nighttime blood pressure and physical activity, but the core digital tools alone will still significantly lower your daytime blood pressure.

A dietitian-led telehealth intervention significantly reduces sleep (nocturnal) systolic and diastolic blood pressure more effectively than a self-directed digital approach.

If you want to improve your nighttime blood pressure, adding professional coaching to a digital health program is more effective than using the app alone. The dietitian support helps drive the lifestyle changes that specifically lower blood pressure during sleep.

Combining pharmacotherapy with lifestyle changes (diet, exercise, behavioral therapy) significantly enhances long-term weight loss maintenance and prevents weight regain.

Do not rely on medication alone for long-term weight management. Combine your prescribed pharmacotherapy with a balanced diet, regular physical activity, and behavioral interventions like cognitive-behavioral therapy. This integrated approach is essential for maintaining weight loss and preventing regain.

Isometric resistance training (e.g., handgrip) produces greater systolic blood pressure reductions (up to 8 mm Hg) than aerobic or dynamic resistance training.

Incorporate isometric exercises, such as handgrip training, into your routine. Perform 3 sessions per week, holding 30-40% of your maximum grip strength for 2 minutes with 1-minute rests, repeated 4 times. This specific type of exercise can lower blood pressure more effectively than aerobic or dynamic resistance training alone.

Exercise alone produces similar improvements in physical functional performance and cardiorespiratory fitness as the combined treatment of exercise and GLP-1 agonist, indicating that exercise is the primary driver of fitness gains independent of the pharmacotherapy.

You do not need to take medication to get the physical fitness benefits of exercise. A structured exercise program (150+ minutes of moderate-to-vigorous activity per week) improves your stamina and functional performance just as well as combining exercise with GLP-1 medication. If you cannot or choose not to take medication, exercise remains the most effective way to improve physical fitness.

Discontinuation of semaglutide leads to partial weight regain, indicating that continuous treatment is necessary to maintain weight loss results.

If you stop taking semaglutide, you will likely regain some of the weight you lost. Long-term maintenance usually requires continuing the treatment.

Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) significantly improves glycaemic outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes patients compared to standard self-monitoring.

Using a Continuous Glucose Monitor (CGM) can help you manage Type 2 Diabetes more effectively than traditional finger-prick tests. Studies show it can lower your average blood sugar (HbA1c) by 0.5-1.0%. While cost and insurance coverage can be hurdles, the real-time feedback helps you make better daily choices.

Behavioral therapy is a mandatory component of obesity treatment, requiring at least 6 months of intervention for weight loss and 1 year for maintenance to ensure adherence.

Track your food, weight, and activity daily. Set realistic goals. Attend counseling sessions weekly for the first 6 months. If you don't lose at least 2.5% of your body weight in the first month, ask for more intensive support.

Varying proximity-to-failure (RIR 4-1) allows for resistance training with lower session ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) compared to consistently training at 1 RIR, without compromising adaptations.

If you find constant high-intensity training (always 1 RIR) too stressful or fatiguing, try varying your intensity. Start your training blocks with easier sets (4 RIR) and gradually get harder (down to 1 RIR). This approach reduces your overall perceived stress (RPE) while still delivering the same strength and muscle gains as always training hard.

Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) and automated insulin delivery systems significantly improve glycemic control accuracy, reduce hypoglycemia risk, and enhance treatment adherence in patients with Type 1 Diabetes and insulin-treated Type 2 Diabetes.

If you use insulin, ask your doctor about Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM). It gives you real-time data on your blood sugar, helping you avoid dangerous lows and highs, and makes managing your diabetes much easier and safer.

Multidisciplinary follow-up integrating pharmacotherapy, psychology, and nutrition significantly improves therapeutic adherence, mental health outcomes, and weight loss maintenance compared to pharmacotherapy alone.

To maximize your weight loss success and mental well-being, combine medication with regular visits to a multidisciplinary team including doctors, psychologists, and nutritionists. This integrated approach improves adherence and reduces psychological risks.

Regular physical exercise is associated with better sarcopenia-related quality of life in PLWH, reducing the odds of poor quality of life.

Engage in regular physical activity to improve your quality of life and functional status, even if it doesn't immediately increase muscle mass. Consistency is key.

High-load resistance training yields greater improvements in maximal strength compared to low-load training, although muscle hypertrophy can be achieved with a wide range of load intensities.

If your primary goal is maximizing maximal strength, prioritize high-load resistance training. However, if your goal is muscle growth (hypertrophy), you have flexibility and can achieve effective results with a wide range of load intensities, not just heavy weights.

Resistance training is the primary intervention to restore anabolic sensitivity in aging muscle, with effects lasting 24-48 hours post-exercise.

To combat age-related muscle loss, you must engage in resistance training (lifting weights or using resistance bands) at least a few times a week. This exercise temporarily 'resensitizes' your muscles to protein, making your meals more effective at building muscle. The benefit lasts for about 24-48 hours, so consistency is key.