Browse the evidence

Leucine has received the most attention among BCAAs for its ability to stimulate the initial acute anabolic response.

Practitioners may consider leucine as a key component in BCAA supplementation for its anabolic properties.

Higher circulating biomarkers of seafood-derived n-3 fatty acids, including EPA, DPA, DHA, and their sum, were associated with lower risk of T2D.

Practitioners should consider recommending seafood-derived n-3 fatty acids to potentially lower T2D risk.

EPA, DPA, DHA, and their sum were associated with lower T2D incidence with hazard ratios of 0.92, 0.79, 0.82, and 0.81 respectively.

The specific hazard ratios suggest that increasing levels of these fatty acids may significantly reduce T2D risk.

Training resulted in progressive increases in muscle GLUT-4 with increasing training duration (PRE<5D<31D; P<0.01).

Endurance training increases GLUT-4 levels in skeletal muscle, enhancing glucose uptake.

Muscle GLUT-1 content was increased (P<0.05) after training; however, the increase was not observed until 31D (131%).

GLUT-1 levels in skeletal muscle increase significantly after 31 days of endurance training.

T2DM is associated with less leg fat mass (-1.2 +/- 0.4 kg, P < 0.01) and greater trunk fat mass (+1.1 +/- 0.4 kg, P < 0.05) compared to non-diabetic individuals.

Understanding fat distribution can help tailor interventions for weight management in T2DM patients.

Age-related loss of muscle mass, strength, and performance, known as sarcopenia, has serious implications for morbidity and mortality.

Understanding the health risks associated with sarcopenia can guide interventions.

Anabolic resistance is implicated in the progression of age-related muscle loss and its complications.

Addressing anabolic resistance may help mitigate muscle loss in aging populations.

Chronic training with low glycogen availability augments phenotypic adaptations.

Training programs may benefit from incorporating low glycogen strategies for enhanced adaptations.

Muscle glycogen concentration was higher in the NORM than LOW at all time points in both nutrient and placebo groups (P < 0.05).

Higher muscle glycogen levels may enhance performance in resistance exercise.

Commencing high-intensity resistance exercise with low muscle glycogen availability does not compromise the anabolic signal and subsequent rates of MPS.

Practitioners can advise that low glycogen levels do not hinder the anabolic response to resistance training.

Nutrition insecurity is a direct determinant of health.

Practitioners should recognize nutrition insecurity as a critical health factor.

Muscle fiber area increased similarly after training for both groups.

Both supplementation strategies effectively promote similar muscle fiber growth during resistance training.

Lean mass remained stable in some cases, but notable reductions were observed in others, ranging from almost 0% to 40% of total weight reduction.

Clinicians should monitor lean mass changes in patients using semaglutide, as results can vary significantly.

Manipulation of aminoacidemia before resistance exercise via different patterns of intake of protein altered plasma AA profiles and postexercise intracellular signaling.

Practitioners should consider the timing and pattern of protein intake before resistance exercise to optimize amino acid profiles.

One-hour postexercise, phosphorylation of p70 S6K(thr389) and rpS6(ser235/6) was increased above baseline with BOLUS and PULSE, but not PLAC.

Increased phosphorylation indicates enhanced signaling for muscle protein synthesis after specific protein intake.

There was no difference in the enhancement of the muscle protein synthetic response after exercise between BOLUS and PULSE.

Both rapid and slow protein intakes can effectively promote muscle protein synthesis post-exercise.

Remission was greater in younger participants and those with shorter diabetes duration, higher C-peptide levels, higher HOMA %B, and lower insulin usage at baseline.

Younger patients and those with better baseline metabolic health may achieve better outcomes post-surgery.

Controlling for weight lost, diabetes remission remained nearly 4-fold higher after RYGB compared with LAGB.

RYGB may offer superior long-term diabetes remission compared to LAGB, independent of weight loss.

Central fat build-up in ordinary/overweight populations is related to increased occurrences of myocardial infarction, heart failure, or all-cause mortality compared to the obese population.

Clinicians should consider fat distribution when assessing cardiovascular risk in patients.

Immobilization significantly reduces muscle fiber and thigh cross-sectional area, isometric knee extensor, and plantarflexor strength in the control group.

Understanding the effects of immobilization can help in designing rehabilitation protocols.

Losses in triceps surae cross-sectional area were greater in the control group compared to the exercise group.

Targeting specific muscle groups during rehabilitation can mitigate atrophy effects.

High-intensity training (HIT) increased Na+ -K+ -ATPase activity by 5.5% in resting muscle.

Implementing high-intensity training can enhance muscle Na+ -K+ -ATPase activity in trained individuals.

Concurrent training promotes anabolic adaptive responses and increases metabolic/oxidative mRNA expression in skeletal muscle.

Incorporating concurrent training can lead to beneficial adaptations in muscle metabolism and growth.