Browse the evidence

SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists demonstrate significant benefits beyond glucose control.

Practitioners should consider these medications for benefits beyond glycemic control.

There is a risk of excessive reduction in skeletal muscle mass (SMM) with GLP-1-based therapies.

Practitioners should monitor muscle mass in patients using GLP-1 therapies to mitigate risks of sarcopenia.

Cricket protein ingestion results in higher postprandial blood amino acid concentration compared to beef protein.

Insect protein may be more effective than some traditional animal proteins for amino acid delivery.

There is no difference in skeletal muscle anabolism between insect and animal protein sources.

Both insect and animal proteins can be used interchangeably for muscle building.

Creatine supplementation demonstrated non-significant effects on muscle strength (SMD = 0.03, 95% CI: -0.35, 0.42) but yielded the most pronounced improvement in muscle mass (MD = 2.18, 95% CI: 0.92, 3.44).

Creatine may be beneficial for increasing muscle mass in older adults, but its effect on strength is not significant.

The weekend warrior (WW) physical activity pattern is associated with significantly lower odds of sarcopenia compared to regularly active (RA) individuals (OR 0.25; 95% CI, 0.11-0.56).

Promoting weekend high-intensity workouts may be beneficial for older adults to lower sarcopenia risk.

High-protein diets (1.6 or 3.2 g kg−1 d−1) combined with resistance training (RT) or concurrent training (CT) for 16 weeks had no adverse effects on bone tissue parameters in resistance-trained males.

Practitioners can recommend high-protein diets for resistance-trained individuals without concern for negative effects on bone health.

There were significant time effects noted for the BMD of the pelvis and the BMC of the right ribs.

Practitioners should monitor bone health parameters over time in resistance-trained individuals on high-protein diets.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus doubles the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

Healthcare providers should be aware of the increased cardiovascular risks in patients with Type 2 diabetes.

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) can help patients better manage their metabolic control during exercise.

Incorporating CGM technology can enhance exercise safety and effectiveness for diabetic patients.

Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus are at substantial risk of cardiovascular disease.

Healthcare providers should closely monitor cardiovascular health in diabetic patients.

Omega-3 fatty acids play a role in lipolysis and can lead to improved body composition.

Incorporating omega-3 fatty acids may help individuals seeking to reduce body fat and improve physical performance.

High anabolic responders (HI) showed greater citrate synthase activity compared to low anabolic responders (LO) after 12 weeks of resistance exercise training (RET) with a significant main effect (HI>LO, p=0.018).

Practitioners should consider that individuals who respond better to resistance training may have enhanced mitochondrial function.

Myozenin-1 protein levels were up-regulated in the low anabolic responders (LO) after 12 weeks of RET.

This suggests that myozenin-1 could be a potential biomarker for assessing anabolic responses to resistance training.

Higher doses of caffeine (8 mg • kg -1) increase lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels compared to lower doses and placebo.

Higher caffeine doses may lead to increased metabolic stress, which could be beneficial for certain training adaptations.

An 8 mg • kg -1 dosage of caffeine increases uric acid levels compared to placebo.

Practitioners should be aware that higher caffeine intake may elevate uric acid levels, which could have implications for certain individuals.

Changes in chest muscle thickness did not statistically differ between resistance training with 4-6 RPE and 7-9 RPE.

Practitioners may consider that varying proximity to failure in resistance training does not significantly affect muscle thickness outcomes.

The deadlift does not require a longer recovery period than the squat or bench press following high volume training to failure in well-trained men.

Trainers can expect similar recovery times for deadlifts compared to squats and bench presses after high volume training.

Both PBT and ABT strategies produced similar lower body hypertrophy outcomes with no significant group differences.

Both training methods can be effectively used for lower body hypertrophy.

Resistance training with 4-6 RPE and 7-9 RPE produces statistically ambiguous differences in muscle thickness changes at VL50.

Practitioners should consider that varying RPE levels may not lead to significant differences in muscle thickness.

Changes in muscle thickness at VL70 were observed in both RPE groups, with a small between-group effect size.

Both RPE levels can lead to changes in muscle thickness, though the effect size is small.

Trivial between-group effect size was observed for muscle thickness changes at VL50.

The minimal effect size suggests that both training approaches may yield similar outcomes in muscle thickness at VL50.

Changes of visceral fat mass (VAT) are allometrically related to changes of total fat mass (FM) with k = 1.3 ± 0.1.

Weight loss interventions can be assessed by their impact on total fat mass to predict changes in visceral fat.

The allometric relationship between VAT and FM applies to both genders and various weight loss interventions.

Interventions can be evaluated for effectiveness in reducing visceral fat regardless of gender.