Browse the evidence

Adaptations to a short-term high-fat diet did not confer a performance advantage during a time trial.

A high-fat diet may not improve performance in time trials despite enhanced fat oxidation.

Significant gaps remain for achieving equity in nutrition security across the life span.

Efforts must be made to address gaps in nutrition security for all age groups.

FFM decreased (0.3-2.7kg) in nine of 13 study groups.

Athletes may experience a decrease in muscle mass during caloric restriction.

The prevalences of type 2 diabetes and stroke mortality are higher in all Asian American subgroups compared with non-Hispanic White adults.

Health care professionals should prioritize screening for type 2 diabetes and stroke in Asian American populations.

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk is highest among South Asian and Filipino adults but lowest among Chinese, Japanese, and Korean adults.

Targeted interventions may be necessary for South Asian and Filipino populations to address higher cardiovascular risks.

The two diet groups did not differ significantly in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels.

Practitioners can note that while total and LDL cholesterol improved, HDL and triglycerides remained stable across both diets.

Further studies are needed to determine if time of day-dependent food intake significantly influences weight regulation in humans.

Practitioners should consider the timing of food intake as a potential area for further exploration in weight management.

The developed 134-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) has good validity and reproducibility for estimating nutrient intake in urban and rural areas of Poland.

Practitioners can use this FFQ to effectively assess dietary intake in Polish populations.

In urban participants, the second FFQ generally underestimated energy, protein, and fat intake compared to the first FFQ and mean of dietary recalls.

Urban practitioners should be cautious when interpreting FFQ2 results for energy and macronutrient intake.

In rural areas, both FFQs overestimated energy and macronutrient intake compared to dietary recalls.

Rural practitioners should be aware of the potential overestimation of nutrient intake by the FFQs.

Greater numbers of participants correlated with smaller differences in weight loss.

Larger studies may yield more conservative estimates of diet effectiveness.

The mean effect of individualized lifestyle interventions for weight reduction in people with SMI is statistically significant but clinically insignificant.

Practitioners should be aware that while interventions may show statistical benefits, the practical impact on weight may be limited.

Longitudinal data indicate that variability in TEF is not associated with changes in body weight.

TEF variability may not be a reliable predictor of weight management.

Long-term adherence to a gluten-free diet was adequate in over 75% of respondents.

Practitioners can expect that a significant majority of adults with coeliac disease adhere to a gluten-free diet long-term.

Carbohydrate ingestion during exercise does not result in a significant sparing of muscle glycogen or an improvement in cycling performance during 2 hours of exercise when initial glycogen levels are elevated.

Practitioners should note that carbohydrate drinks may not enhance performance or glycogen preservation in well-trained cyclists with high initial glycogen levels.

No significant differences were observed between trials in blood lactate, serum glycerol, respiratory exchange ratio, or the subjects' perception of effort.

The type of carbohydrate drink consumed does not significantly affect other metabolic parameters or perceived exertion during cycling.

Beetroot juice supplementation did not enhance cycling time trial performance when used alone or in combination with caffeine.

Beetroot juice may not be effective for enhancing cycling performance in competitive settings.

Caffeine and beetroot juice combined did not provide an additive effect on cycling time trial performance.

Combining caffeine with beetroot juice may not yield additional performance benefits for cyclists.

The article discusses the role of skeletal muscle in health and disease.

Understanding skeletal muscle's role can inform approaches to health and disease management.

Resting metabolic rate (RMR), adjusted for fat-free mass, fat mass, and sex, was lower in both older groups (60-74 years and >or=90 years) compared to the young group (20-34 years) (p<or=.0001).

Older adults may have a lower metabolic rate, which could influence weight management strategies.

Total carbohydrate oxidation during steady-state exercise is similar regardless of the glycemic index of the preexercise meal.

This indicates that the type of carbohydrate consumed before exercise may not significantly impact energy utilization during prolonged cycling.

There is no difference in performance time for a subsequent ride after consuming different preexercise meals.

This suggests that athletes may not need to focus on the glycemic index of preexercise meals for performance outcomes.

No difference was found between RTF and RTNF on maximal strength in overall analysis (SMD: -0.08; p = 0.642).

Both training methods may be equally effective for improving maximal strength.

The PCS-12 showed a greater decrease in HRQL associated with physical function compared with mental function-related domains of the MCS-12.

Practitioners should focus on improving physical function in patients with these risk factors.