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There is no consensus on the best nutritional strategy or ideal dietary prescription for the management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).

Practitioners should consider individual variability when recommending dietary strategies for T2DM.

No significant changes in body fat and resistance were found after the resistance training program.

Practitioners should note that resistance training may not significantly affect body fat in this population.

GLP-1 receptor agonist use was associated with a higher risk of discontinuation of endoscopy compared to SGLT-2 inhibitors.

Practitioners should be aware of the increased risk of endoscopy discontinuation when using GLP-1 receptor agonists.

Caloric restriction (CR) reduces the rate of aging and increases life span in all small animal species studied to date.

Caloric restriction may be beneficial for longevity in small animals, suggesting potential implications for human health.

No significant pre-to-post intervention increases in muscular endurance were observed in either training group.

Practitioners should note that increased training frequency may not enhance muscular endurance.

A federal junk food tax appears feasible based on product categories or combination category-plus-nutrient approaches.

Policymakers can consider implementing a junk food tax using defined product categories or nutrient criteria.

US junk food tax bills and laws support taxing foods using category-based, nutrient-based, or combination approaches.

Legislators can draw from existing models to design effective tax policies.

Federal taxing mechanisms, particularly manufacturer excise taxes on alcohol, provide informative models for a junk food tax.

Tax policymakers can utilize existing excise tax frameworks to structure a junk food tax.

There were no changes in local arterial stiffness or left ventricular mass after resistance training.

Resistance training does not negatively impact local arterial stiffness or left ventricular mass.

MIP supplements were not found to be superior when directly compared with protein-only (PRO) supplements.

Practitioners should consider that while MIP supplements are effective, they do not provide additional benefits over traditional protein-only supplements.

There was no additional effect on the reduction in blood pressure by the type of fatty acid consumed in the diet.

Dietary fatty acid composition may not significantly influence blood pressure reduction in the context of weight loss.

Intracellular energy availability influences protein synthesis and breakdown pathways.

Nutritional strategies should consider energy availability to enhance muscle adaptation.

In the first 6-year period, the mean increase in BMI was greatest among persons who were initially normal weight (0.3 kg/m) and overweight (0.2 kg/m).

Practitioners should be aware that normal weight and overweight individuals may experience significant weight gain over time.

Ingestion of approximately 40 g of carbohydrate does not improve maximal cycling performance lasting approximately 30 min.

Carbohydrate ingestion immediately before a 20 km time trial is not beneficial for performance.

Carbohydrate availability, in the form of circulating blood glucose, does not limit high-intensity exercise of this duration.

Circulating blood glucose levels are adequate for sustaining high-intensity cycling performance.

There were no differences in overall satisfaction between the telehealth and traditional groups.

Both telehealth and traditional programs can provide similar satisfaction levels.

Postexercise protein-leucine supplementation does not significantly improve subsequent high-intensity endurance performance.

Practitioners should note that while protein-leucine supplementation aids recovery, it may not enhance performance in high-intensity endurance activities.

7.6% of meals provided more than 100% of typical daily energy requirements.

A small but notable portion of meals can lead to excessive energy intake, which is important for weight management.

Total daily energy expenditure was not significantly different between cyclists and controls on noncycling days.

Both endurance-trained cyclists and lean controls have similar energy expenditures on noncycling days.

Carbohydrate ingestion does not delay the fatigue associated with low glycogen content in working muscle.

Athletes should be aware that carbohydrate intake alone may not prevent fatigue from low glycogen levels.

No other statistical differences were observed among the variations.

Practitioners should consider that while some variations are better, others may not differ significantly.

The cost needed to treat per 1% of body weight reduction with tirzepatide is estimated at $985 compared with $1845 with semaglutide.

Tirzepatide is more cost-effective for achieving weight loss in this population.

The magnitude of effect of NNS substitution for added sugars has ranged from modest to null.

Practitioners should be aware that the effectiveness of NNS can vary significantly.

Existing data are insufficient to clearly support or refute the effectiveness of NNS substitution for reducing added sugar intake.

Practitioners should consider the current limitations of evidence when advising on NNS use.