Browse the evidence

There is increasing acceptance of anti-obesity medications as an adjunct to lifestyle modifications and/or surgery.

Practitioners should consider integrating pharmacotherapy with lifestyle changes and surgical options for comprehensive obesity management.

GLP-1 agonists improve blood glucose profiles and reduce cardiovascular risk.

GLP-1 agonists can be recommended for improving glycemic control and reducing cardiovascular risks in diabetic patients.

Dual GIP/GLP-1 agonists are more effective in treating obesity than GLP-1 agonists alone.

Consider dual GIP/GLP-1 agonists for potentially better outcomes in obesity treatment.

Patients treated with semaglutide experienced a greater improvement in the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire clinical summary score (KCCQ-CSS) compared to placebo, with an estimated treatment difference of 7.8 points (P < .001).

Semaglutide may be an effective treatment option for improving heart failure symptoms in obese patients.

Co-stimulation of GLP-1 with other receptors provides additional therapeutic benefits.

Combining GLP-1 therapy with other hormonal treatments may enhance effectiveness.

Behavioral support is necessary to maximize the benefits of incretin therapy.

Practitioners should integrate behavioral support strategies into incretin therapy plans.

Tirzepatide demonstrated a positive impact on the cardiovascular system.

Tirzepatide may be beneficial for patients with cardiovascular concerns related to diabetes.

GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) significantly reduce major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) with a pooled hazard ratio of 0.86.

GLP-1RA can be recommended for reducing cardiovascular risks in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity.

Both systolic blood pressure (SBP) and weight reductions are independently associated with reduced MACE risk.

Weight management and blood pressure control should be emphasized in treatment plans for these patients.

The use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) in obesity management is increasing.

Practitioners should be aware of the growing role of GLP-1 RAs in obesity treatment.

The combination of an amylin analog and other anti-obesity peptide drugs has demonstrated higher clinical efficacy in reducing body weight than monotherapy.

Combination therapies may be more effective for weight loss than single-drug treatments.

Treatment modalities for obesity include lifestyle modification, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery.

Clinicians should consider a range of treatment options for obesity management.

Various treatment modalities, including GLP-1 agonists and dual GLP-1/GIP agonists, are reviewed for their effects on hepatic steatosis and fibrosis.

Practitioners should consider these treatment modalities for managing MASLD.

Female sex independently predicted greater TBWL, while insulin use and higher T2D medication burden were associated with less TBWL.

Understanding these predictors can help tailor treatment strategies for weight loss.

Both medications exhibited favorable cardiovascular profiles, though gastrointestinal adverse events constitute the predominant tolerability concern.

While both tirzepatide and retatrutide may improve cardiovascular health, practitioners should monitor for gastrointestinal side effects.

Bariatric surgery achieves 25%–35% total body weight loss with durability extending beyond 10 years.

Bariatric surgery should be considered for long-term weight management in obese patients.

Adjuvant GLP-1RA users achieved a higher mean proportion of days covered (PDC) of 74.30% compared to 66.91% for SGA-only users.

Incorporating GLP-1RA may enhance medication adherence in patients prescribed SGAs.

Adjuvant GLP-1RA users demonstrated longer persistence of 165.6 days compared to 139.2 days for SGA-only users.

GLP-1RA may help patients stay on their SGA medications longer.

Medicaid patients using adjuvant GLP-1RA showed a PDC of 88.25% compared to 70.32% for SGA-only users.

GLP-1RA may significantly improve adherence among Medicaid patients on SGAs.

Tirzepatide significantly improved physical function compared with placebo, with a mean difference of 2.26 points in the SF-36 physical function domain.

Practitioners can consider tirzepatide as an effective treatment to enhance physical function in adults with overweight or obesity.

Tirzepatide increases HOMA-β and decreases HOMA-IR in T2D patients.

Tirzepatide may be effective in improving insulin sensitivity and β-cell function in T2D management.

Once-monthly maridebart is associated with HbA1c reductions of approximately 1.2–1.6 percentage points.

Clinicians can anticipate improvements in glycemic control with maridebart therapy.

Incretin-based therapies are effective but present limitations for long-term obesity management.

Practitioners should be aware of the limitations of incretin therapies in long-term obesity management.

Tirzepatide led to a greater reduction in median triglyceride levels compared with semaglutide.

Tirzepatide may be preferred for patients needing significant triglyceride reduction.