Browse the evidence

Incidental exposure to incretin-based medications during early pregnancy is becoming more likely.

Clinicians should be aware of the risks of medication exposure in unplanned pregnancies.

GLP-1RA development traces a century of translational progress from gut hormones to multi-agonist therapeutics.

Understanding the historical context can inform current therapeutic approaches.

The application of injectable agents is hindered by adverse effects, high costs, and accessibility issues.

Practitioners should consider these barriers when recommending injectable therapies for obesity.

Future pharmacotherapeutic options, including combination therapies and gene therapy, may improve outcomes for patients with genetic obesity disorders.

Practitioners should stay informed about emerging therapies that may enhance treatment for genetic obesity.

The relationship among cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and metabolic diseases is recognized as 'cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome'.

Clinicians should consider the interconnectedness of these diseases in treatment.

Specialist clinicians have historically approached cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic disorders as separate diseases.

Clinicians may need to reconsider their treatment strategies to integrate care for CKM syndrome.

No significant heterogeneity of treatment effects was found by age, race, ethnicity, baseline BMI, or baseline HbA1c.

GLP-1 receptor agonists may be effective regardless of age, race, ethnicity, BMI, or HbA1c levels.

Mean arterial pressure (MAP) remains nearly constant between sodium intakes of 1,200 and 4,000 mg/d.

Practitioners may consider that moderate sodium intake does not significantly impact blood pressure.

GLP-1RAs can induce gastric food retention, increasing the risk for pulmonary aspiration during anesthesia.

Clinicians should consider the risk of pulmonary aspiration when using GLP-1RAs in patients undergoing anesthesia.

Leptin receptor deficiency in db/db mice abolished the weight reduction effect of MPDA@TZP via iWAT local injection compared to that in DIO mice.

Leptin receptor status should be considered when evaluating treatment efficacy for obesity.

Early treatment with the DPP-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, did not lead to better glycemic control than placebo and did not prevent posttransplant diabetes (PTD).

Practitioners should reconsider the use of sitagliptin for preventing PTD in kidney transplant patients.

The potential effect of sitagliptin on blood glucose was lost by month 6 after treatment discontinuation.

This suggests that continuous treatment may be necessary to maintain glycemic control.

Anti-obesity vaccines are primarily in preclinical to Phase II stages, with candidates like ghrelin vaccines showing up to 15% reduced weight gain in preclinical models.

Ghrelin vaccines may be a promising avenue for reducing weight gain in future therapies.

Somatostatin vaccines achieved 10–13% weight loss in mice.

Somatostatin vaccines may provide a viable option for weight loss in future treatments.

Amylin receptor activation has emerged as a promising drug target for the treatment of diabetes and obesity.

Practitioners should consider amylin receptor activators as a potential treatment option for obesity and diabetes.

SGLT2i sind etabliert zur Reduktion von Herzinsuffizienzhospitalisierungen und Nierenendpunkten über das gesamte Herzinsuffizienzspektrum.

Clinicians should utilize SGLT2 inhibitors for managing heart failure and kidney disease.

The EndoCompass project identifies strategic research priorities in endocrine science to address critical hormone-related health challenges.

Practitioners should focus on the identified research priorities to improve hormone health.

Current evidence does not support a single dominant mechanism for the efficacy of GLP-1 receptor agonists.

Practitioners should consider multiple factors influencing the effectiveness of GLP-1 receptor agonists.

The DRL model decreased the time-to-therapeutic-dose by 20% in simulations.

Using a DRL agent can expedite achieving therapeutic doses for patients.

Existing pharmaceuticals and bariatric surgeries have limited efficacy and side effects.

Awareness of the limitations of current treatments can guide practitioners in exploring new options.

Estradiol levels were not associated with cognitive function in either sex.

Practitioners should note that estradiol does not appear to influence cognitive function in this population.

Total testosterone levels were not associated with cognitive function in women.

Practitioners should be aware that testosterone does not influence cognitive function in women with T2DM.

Viscosity seems to have no effect on active CCK and glucagon-like peptide-1.

Practitioners should note that the viscosity of chocolate does not affect CCK or GLP-1 levels.

Orosensory signals (taste and oral contact) activate PRLH neurons in the caudal nucleus of the solitary tract (cNTS) to inhibit feeding on a seconds-timescale, thereby controlling the duration of feeding bursts.

Eating slowly and paying attention to the taste and texture of food engages specific brain circuits (PRLH neurons) that signal satiety within seconds. This neural feedback loop helps you stop eating sooner by reducing the size of each bite or 'bout' of eating, rather than waiting for your stomach to feel full.