Browse the evidence

Injectable pharmacotherapies are effective strategies to manage obesity by targeting metabolic pathways.

Practitioners can consider injectable pharmacotherapies as a viable option for obesity management.

Observational data show a reduction in all-cause mortality and cancer risk in patients who have undergone bariatric surgery.

Bariatric surgery may significantly improve long-term health outcomes and reduce mortality risk.

Sustained significant weight loss through lifestyle changes is difficult for people with obesity in the long term.

Practitioners should be aware of the challenges faced by patients in achieving long-term weight loss.

HEC-CG115 led to more weight loss than semaglutide in diet-induced obese model mice.

HEC-CG115 may be a more effective option for weight loss in obese patients compared to semaglutide.

Total protein intake was inversely related to lean mass in females only (Lean mass index: β= −0.84, Appendicular lean mass index: β= −0.35).

Practitioners should be cautious about recommending high total protein intake for females aiming to preserve lean mass.

Gastric bypass patients had an 85% lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared to non-operated patients with obesity during the first six years of follow-up.

Gastric bypass surgery significantly reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes in obese patients, especially in the first six years post-surgery.

There is a strong imperative to assess the health effects of sugar-sweetened beverages as the burden of noncommunicable diseases increases.

Increased research on sugar-sweetened beverages is necessary to inform public health policies.

Physical frailty and sarcopenia are associated with morbidity and 2-fold mortality in patients with advanced chronic liver disease awaiting liver transplantation.

Healthcare providers should assess frailty and sarcopenia in liver transplant candidates to improve outcomes.

Loss of muscle-related indices exceeded prespecified benchmarks in two thirds of incretin-based interventions.

Clinicians should monitor muscle mass when prescribing incretin therapies for weight loss.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is an independent risk factor for diastolic dysfunction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), increasing the risk of hospitalization and death in those with established heart failure.

Clinicians should consider screening for MASLD in patients with HFpEF due to the increased risk of adverse outcomes.

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) exacerbates the severity of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).

Healthcare providers should be aware that HFpEF can worsen MASLD, necessitating comprehensive management strategies.

BMI is not sufficient to define obesity; pathophysiology and the impact of mechanical, metabolic, and psychological complications must be considered.

Practitioners should consider multiple factors beyond BMI when assessing obesity.

There was no difference between the intervention periods regarding mean blood glucose (MBG), time in range (TIR), and hypoglycemic events.

GTSS does not negatively impact overall glucose control or increase hypoglycemic risk.

Improvements in HOMA and Matsuda index did not differ significantly between the HLF and HLC diets.

Both diets can be considered equally effective for improving certain aspects of insulin sensitivity.

Up to 33% of the weight lost on GLP-1 RAs may be lean tissue mass.

Practitioners should monitor body composition changes in patients using GLP-1 RAs.

GLP-1RAs may raise safety concerns related to weight loss and altered glucose regulation in ALS.

Monitoring for weight loss and glucose regulation is essential when considering GLP-1RAs for ALS.

Excess visceral abdominal fat (EVAF) can occur in people living with HIV-1 even with normal or mildly elevated body mass index (BMI).

Healthcare providers should assess visceral fat in PLWH regardless of BMI.

Hemoglobin A1c decreased across all groups but remained consistently higher in NHB and H compared with NHW at 24 months.

Monitoring of Hemoglobin A1c levels should be tailored based on race and ethnicity post-surgery.

Perturbations in cardiac energy metabolism are a major contributor to diabetes-related cardiovascular disease.

Addressing cardiac energy metabolism may be crucial in managing cardiovascular disease in T2D patients.

Non-responders to the PF regimen demonstrated only transient and limited metabolic shifts.

Understanding the differences in metabolic responses can guide dietary strategies for T2D management.

A shift towards reduced carbohydrate intake and increased dietary fat may be linked to higher morbidity and mortality rates in patients with diabetes.

Practitioners should consider the implications of dietary fat and carbohydrate ratios in diabetes management.

The majority of animal studies demonstrated a greater impact from high-fat diets compared with higher-sugar diets.

Animal studies suggest that high-fat diets may pose greater risks than high-sugar diets, informing dietary recommendations.

A plant-based diet is associated with an increased risk of higher TyG in women (OR = 1.25 for PDI and OR = 1.55 for hPDI).

Practitioners should be cautious about recommending high plant-based diets for women without considering overall dietary balance.

Physiological adaptation from a low- to high-carbohydrate diet may require many weeks.

Practitioners should consider that dietary transitions may not yield immediate metabolic changes.