Browse the evidence

Clamp-derived insulin sensitivity increased by 50% in adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes, and HOMA-IR decreased by 26% in both studies.

Improvements in insulin sensitivity are achievable through lifestyle interventions, regardless of body composition changes.

Participants on a very low carbohydrate ketogenic diet (VLCKD) experienced the largest improvements in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and triglyceride (TG) levels.

Practitioners may consider VLCKD for patients seeking improvements in lipid profiles.

The very low carbohydrate ketogenic diet (VLCKD) group showed the largest improvements in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and triglyceride (TG) levels.

VLCKD may be particularly beneficial for improving lipid profiles in healthy adults.

Increasing fat availability leads to higher rates of whole-body and muscular lipid use during regular moderate-intensity aerobic activity.

Practitioners can utilize fat availability strategies to enhance lipid utilization during aerobic activities.

The review examines the relevance of the glycemic index in preventing and treating obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.

Understanding the glycemic index can inform strategies for managing obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular health.

Low-carb diets may lead to lower levels of HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Practitioners may consider recommending low-carb diets to help manage HbA1c levels in diabetic patients.

Women in the highest quintile of dietary fiber intake were less likely to experience constipation (PR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.57-0.73).

Increasing dietary fiber intake can help reduce constipation in women.

Abdominal obesity predicts risk of stroke in men, with an age-adjusted relative risk of 2.33 for the highest quintile of waist/hip ratio.

Practitioners should focus on abdominal obesity as a key risk factor for stroke in men.

Overweight or obese women are likely to gain excessive weight during pregnancy.

Practitioners should monitor weight gain in pregnant women who are overweight or obese.

Excessive weight gain during pregnancy increases the risk of disease.

Healthcare providers should be aware of the health risks associated with excessive weight gain in pregnant women.

Significantly fewer participants in the bariatric surgery group required TKA following weight loss.

Practitioners should note that bariatric surgery may lead to symptom improvement, reducing the need for TKA.

There is a strong association between insulin resistance syndrome and the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Awareness of cardiovascular risks is crucial for managing patients with insulin resistance syndrome.

Intensive glucose control has benefits for microvascular endpoints in type 2 diabetes.

Practitioners should consider intensive glucose control for improving microvascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes.

Obesity is linked to the risk of developing and dying from cancer.

Healthcare providers should prioritize discussions about weight management with cancer patients.

Dietary periodization can alter patterns of fuel utilization during exercise but often fails to enhance performance capacity.

Practitioners should be cautious in expecting performance improvements solely from dietary periodization.

The suggested Israeli guidelines refocus earlier international recommendations based on emerging data.

Practitioners should stay updated with the latest guidelines that reflect new evidence.

The change in post-exercise oxygen AUC after nine months of training was 5.36 +/- 10.90 L for the total method, while there was no significant change in incremental or positive incremental AUC.

Using the total AUC method is more effective for detecting changes in post-exercise oxygen consumption after aerobic training.

There was a moderately high correlation (r=0.67, p <0.05) between baseline and 9-months for the total AUC method.

The total AUC method shows a strong relationship between initial and post-training oxygen consumption levels.

High fructose diets have lipogenic effects.

Consider the implications of high fructose consumption on lipogenesis in dietary recommendations.

Seven years post-RYGB, physical health improved and body image was better in post-RYGB patients compared to controls (80 ± 25% vs. 20 ± 49%, p < 0.001).

Healthcare providers can expect significant improvements in physical health and body image in patients post-RYGB.

Chronic low-grade metabolic acidosis can have detrimental effects on systemic health, physical performance, and inflammation.

Athletes should be aware that chronic low-grade metabolic acidosis can negatively impact their health and performance.

A low-GI diet might improve lipid profile.

Advise patients on the potential lipid benefits of a low-GI diet.

Heterogeneous results were observed regarding the degree of glycemic control associated with optimal macrovascular disease risk reduction.

Clinicians should be aware of the variability in glycemic control outcomes when treating T2DM.

BMI and insulin use are jointly associated with one-year follow-up type 2 diabetes-related healthcare expenditures (T2D-HE), ranging from $5842 in overweight patients with no insulin to $17,700 in OCIII insulin users.

Healthcare providers can use BMI and insulin use to identify patients at higher risk for increased healthcare costs.