Browse the evidence

Dilution of protein in the diet by readily digestible carbohydrates leads to excess calorie intake and obesity.

Encouraging higher protein intake relative to carbohydrates may help mitigate obesity risk.

High glycemic load (GL) is associated with greater coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.16 for the highest vs. lowest quintile and HR of 1.18 per 50 g/day of GL intake.

Practitioners should consider the impact of high glycemic load foods on heart disease risk.

High available carbohydrate intake is associated with greater CHD risk, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.11 per 50 g/day.

High carbohydrate diets may increase the risk of coronary heart disease.

High sugar intake is associated with greater CHD risk, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.09 per 50 g/day.

Reducing sugar intake may help lower the risk of coronary heart disease.

The intervention group was more likely to achieve gestational weight gain (GWG) within recommendations compared to the control group (OR = 1.51; 95% CI (0.81, 2.80)).

Practitioners may consider structured nutrition and exercise interventions to help pregnant women achieve recommended weight gain.

The relative intervention effects were similar across different baseline body mass index, age, and sex groups.

The intervention may be effective for diverse populations with type 2 diabetes and obesity.

Individuals with lower levels of multimorbidity index scores at baseline experienced greater relative intervention effects.

Targeting interventions to individuals with lower baseline multimorbidity may enhance effectiveness.

HIIT increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) by 3 months (P = 0.008).

HIIT can effectively improve heart function in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

HIIT augmented the reduction in left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) from rest to moderate-intensity exercise (P < 0.04).

HIIT can lead to better heart function by reducing the volume of blood left in the heart after contraction.

Long-acting amylin analogues have beneficial effects on body weight in obesity.

Long-acting amylin analogues may be considered as a treatment option for obesity.

Cagrilintide, a novel amylin analogue, shows promising body weight reducing effects.

Cagrilintide may be an effective treatment for weight loss, especially when combined with other therapies.

LA ingestion increased plasma leucine and tryptophan concentrations relative to CP (P < 0.001).

Endurance athletes may benefit from LA supplementation to enhance amino acid availability post-exercise.

The majority of studies reported %FFML exceeding 25%.

Most patients on GLP-1RAs may experience a significant proportion of weight loss from fat-free mass.

GLP-1RA therapy can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in high-risk individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Practitioners should consider GLP-1RA therapy for patients with T2D who are at high risk for cardiovascular disease.

Most societies endorse GLP-1RA therapy in patients with established or high risk of CVD independently of glycaemia.

Clinicians should follow current guidelines endorsing GLP-1RA therapy for patients at high risk for CVD, regardless of their glycaemic control.

A growing number of new agents acting on incretin hormones are becoming available for clinical practice.

Clinicians should stay informed about new pharmacological options for treating obesity and T2DM.

For trials with mean baseline BMI <25, LDL cholesterol increased by 41 mg/dL on a low-carbohydrate diet.

Practitioners should be aware that low-carbohydrate diets may significantly raise LDL cholesterol in individuals with low BMI.

Preoperative discontinuation of semaglutide for > 21 days results in RGC similar to non-semaglutide users.

Practitioners should advise patients to discontinue semaglutide well in advance of procedures to reduce RGC risk.

The presence of ongoing digestive symptoms is significantly associated with increased RGC in semaglutide users.

Clinicians should monitor digestive symptoms in patients using semaglutide to assess RGC risk.

GLP-1 RA use was associated with lower medication use (RR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.46-0.61; P < .001).

GLP-1 RAs may reduce the need for other medications in IIH management.

GLP-1 RA use was associated with reduced headaches (RR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.35-0.58; P < .001).

GLP-1 RAs may help alleviate headache symptoms in IIH patients.

GLP-1 RA therapy is associated with significant reductions in procedural interventions (RR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.30-0.63; P < .001).

GLP-1 RAs may reduce the need for surgical or other procedural interventions in IIH management.

Tirzepatide treatment results in an unprecedented improvement of glycaemic control and lowering of body weight.

Tirzepatide may be an effective treatment option for improving blood sugar levels and reducing weight in patients with type 2 diabetes.

High total carbohydrate intake is associated with high CVD morbidity (RR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02-1.13).

Limiting carbohydrate intake may help reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.