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Broad changes in the inflammatory proteome were observed among the study cohort with initial weight loss of ≈8 kg from a median 94 kg at study entry.

Practitioners should consider the role of inflammatory proteins in weight loss and maintenance strategies.

Several of the observed protein associations were also linked to prevalent obesity in the Framingham Heart Study.

Understanding these associations may inform obesity prevention strategies.

A single bout of strenuous exercise prevents the attenuation of muscle protein synthesis (MPS) response to protein ingestion caused by high-circulating lipid availability.

Incorporating strenuous exercise may enhance the effectiveness of protein intake in individuals with high lipid levels.

Exercise enhances the efficiency of skeletal muscle to utilize amino acid substrate for the postprandial anabolic response.

Exercise may improve the anabolic response to protein intake, suggesting a potential strategy for enhancing muscle growth.

Visceral obesity is correlated with cardiometabolic diseases and higher mortality.

Monitoring visceral fat levels can be crucial for assessing mortality risk.

Genetics and genomics can be used as tools to optimize weight management intervention.

Incorporating genetic and genomic insights may enhance the effectiveness of weight management strategies.

PGDP levels at the 3-month visit were positively correlated with improvements in fat mass, glycaemia, lipaemia, and liver function.

Monitoring PGDP levels may provide insights into metabolic improvements in patients undergoing treatment.

Respondents tripled their average per capita consumption of whole grains and increased their fruit and vegetable intakes.

Educational interventions can lead to significant increases in whole grain and fruit/vegetable consumption among college students.

Time‐dependent changes were observed for increase in trunk FFM.

Resistance training can lead to increases in trunk fat-free mass over time, regardless of supplementation.

CLA supplementation altered 57 metabolites enriched in lipids/lipid-like molecules compared to placebo.

CLA supplementation may lead to significant changes in lipid metabolism.

Baseline metabolite profiling enhanced prediction accuracy for CLA-induced body composition benefits.

Practitioners can use baseline metabolite profiles to better predict individual responses to CLA supplementation.

Fifteen distinct gene clusters are regulated by disuse and connected to muscle mass or MPS changes.

Understanding these gene clusters may help in developing interventions to mitigate muscle loss during disuse.

Upper limb lean soft tissue changes were statistically similar between both training conditions, with increases of +5.2% for MJ-SJ and +7.5% for SJ-MJ.

Both exercise orders can be effective for increasing upper limb lean mass.

Gastric motor functions play a significant role in the development of satiation and satiety, impacting weight change.

Understanding gastric functions can help in designing effective weight loss interventions.

Pharmacological agents like liraglutide and dual agonists contribute to weight loss by retarding gastric emptying.

Incorporating GLP-1 agonists may enhance weight loss strategies.

Bariatric surgery and endoscopic gastroplasty alter gastric emptying and incretin responses in markedly divergent manners.

Choosing between surgical options may depend on their differing impacts on gastric function.

Dietitians' current practice of dietary pattern advice provision to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is perceived to be individualised and patient-centred.

Dietitians should continue to tailor dietary advice to individual patient needs.

Physical activity and exercise training modify the biological effects of accelerated aging considerably.

Incorporating regular physical activity and exercise can significantly mitigate the effects of aging on cardiovascular health.

Semaglutide differs from other GLP-1 receptor agonists by having a longer half-life and producing greater weight loss.

Semaglutide may offer advantages over other GLP-1 agonists for weight loss due to its pharmacokinetic profile.

GLP-1 receptor agonists and co-agonists were associated with a lower risk of incident atrial fibrillation among individuals with overweight or obesity.

Practitioners may consider GLP-1RAs and co-agonists as potential options for reducing atrial fibrillation risk in overweight or obese patients.

All-cause mortality rate was 30% lower per SD greater METs (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.70; rate difference (RD), -2.71 deaths/1000 person-years).

Improving cardiorespiratory fitness can significantly lower mortality risk in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

An SD greater METs predicted lower cardiovascular disease mortality (HR, 0.45; RD, -1.65 cases/1000 person-years).

Increasing cardiorespiratory fitness can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Greater CRF is associated with reduced risks of mortality and cardiovascular disease events.

Enhancing cardiorespiratory fitness is crucial for lowering mortality and cardiovascular disease risks in this population.

There was an increase in chest press for all groups (9.4-16.7%) after the specific training phase.

All training volume conditions led to improvements in chest press strength, indicating effectiveness.