Browse the evidence

People in Northern China often consume more plant-based foods.

Understanding local dietary habits can inform nutritional guidance and interventions.

At the lowest income level, the proportions of individuals in the best carbohydrate quality category reduced from 26.9% to 20.6%.

Practitioners should be aware that lower income is associated with reduced dietary quality in carbohydrates.

At the highest income level, the proportions of individuals in the best carbohydrate quality category increased from 22.9% to 26.6%.

Practitioners should recognize that higher income is associated with improved dietary quality in carbohydrates.

Changes in vastus lateralis muscle thickness did not statistically differ between training programs with different proximities to failure.

Practitioners may consider that varying proximity to failure does not significantly impact muscle thickness gains in trained individuals.

No significant differences were observed in relative intensity between the 4-6 RPE and 7-9 RPE groups.

Resistance training programs can be designed with similar intensities without significant differences in outcomes.

No significant differences were observed in relative volume between the 4-6 RPE and 7-9 RPE groups.

Practitioners can expect similar training volumes to yield comparable results in muscle adaptations.

No significant differences were observed between the 4-6 RPE and 7-9 RPE groups for relative intensity or relative volume.

Training intensity and volume were similar between the two RPE groups, suggesting flexibility in training approaches.

No significant group × time interactions were observed between the two training protocols.

Both training approaches yield similar results, allowing flexibility in training intensity without compromising strength gains.

Trivial between-group effect sizes were observed when comparing the strength gains of the 4-6 RPE group to the 7-9 RPE group (g = -0.12).

The similarity in strength gains suggests that both training intensities may be equally effective for improving squat strength.

The findings regarding back squat strength improvements between resistance training with 4-6 RPE and 7-9 RPE are statistically inconclusive.

Further research may be needed to clarify the effectiveness of different RPE levels in resistance training.

The between-group effect sizes for changes in MT were trivial to small.

The differences in muscle hypertrophy between training intensities may not be clinically significant.

The findings regarding PM muscle hypertrophy between the different RPE groups are statistically inconclusive.

Further research is needed to clarify the effects of training intensity on muscle hypertrophy.

The historical view that 'a calorie is a calorie' is an oversimplification.

Practitioners should be cautious of oversimplified views on calorie intake.

The reanalysis of the randomized crossover trial did not support the carbohydrate-insulin model of obesity.

Practitioners should be cautious about claims supporting the carbohydrate-insulin model based on flawed analyses.

Physiological adaptation from a low- to high-carbohydrate diet may require many weeks.

Practitioners should consider that dietary transitions may not yield immediate metabolic changes.

There were no significant differences in serum TMAO, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, or vitamin B12 between vegan and omnivorous twins after 4 or 8 weeks.

Practitioners may consider that a healthy omnivorous diet can yield similar clinical outcomes as a vegan diet.

One standard deviation higher polygenic score (PS) related to smaller one-year change in waist circumference adjusted for body mass index (WCadjBMI) in the lifestyle intervention arms at year 1, predicting poorer response among White participants overall.

Practitioners should consider genetic factors when assessing weight loss responses to lifestyle interventions.

Participants assigned a plant-based diet for phase 1 did not see an increase in TMAO during their subsequent animal-meat phase.

Dietary sequencing may influence TMAO levels and cardiovascular risk.

Around 50 significant metabolites and 12 significant microbiota genera correlated with TMAO.

Understanding these correlations may help in developing targeted therapies for CVD prevention.

No significant differences were observed between the vegan and omnivorous diets for secondary outcomes of triglycerides or HDL-C.

The type of diet may not significantly affect triglycerides or HDL cholesterol levels.

Physiological adaptation from a low- to high-carbohydrate diet may require many weeks.

Practitioners should consider the time required for metabolic adaptation when advising dietary transitions.

There is no significant correlation between perceived muscle activation and EMG measured activation level for any exercise.

Practitioners should be cautious in using perceived muscle activation as an indicator of training intensity.

Self-reported muscle activation may not accurately correspond to actual muscle activation as measured via EMG.

Relying solely on perceived muscle activation for training decisions may lead to ineffective programming.

Even after bariatric surgery, patients may not lose the expected amount of weight or may experience weight regain.

Understand that bariatric surgery may not guarantee weight loss success and additional support may be needed.