Browse the evidence

Habit strength will predict the likelihood of enactment of habitual behavior, and strong habitual tendencies will tend to dominate over motivational tendencies.

Practitioners should focus on strengthening habits to enhance behavior change.

Blood lactate concentrations were lower at 4 days and 9 days of training compared to pretraining, and were also lower at 30 days than at all other times.

Endurance training reduces blood lactate levels early in the training process, indicating improved exercise tolerance.

VO2 peak was unchanged at 8 days but increased at 30 days of training.

Significant improvements in VO2 peak occur after 30 days of endurance training, which is important for enhancing overall fitness.

The association between higher total whole grain intake and lower risk of type 2 diabetes was stronger in individuals who were lean compared to those who were overweight or obese.

Lean individuals may benefit more from whole grain consumption in terms of diabetes risk reduction compared to those who are overweight or obese.

Overall compliance at month-24 was 85%, with 90% in low-fat, 85% in Mediterranean, and 78% in low-carbohydrate diet.

Dietary adherence varies by diet type, which is important for practitioners to consider when recommending diets.

Physical activity is associated with subsequent reduction in energy intake.

Encouraging physical activity may help manage energy intake among individuals.

Higher training frequencies show a modest effect favoring muscle hypertrophy in non-volume-equated studies.

For those not equating volume, training more frequently may provide slight benefits for hypertrophy.

There are no significant differences in hypertrophic adaptations between training frequencies for upper body and lower body.

Training frequency can be adjusted without concern for differential effects on upper versus lower body hypertrophy.

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) display a wide range of beneficial effects in humans and animals.

Incorporating omega-3 PUFAs into diets may provide various health benefits.

Weight loss through bariatric surgery reduced the risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation by 29% compared to usual care.

Bariatric surgery may be recommended for obese patients to lower their risk of developing atrial fibrillation.

Younger individuals benefited more from surgical intervention than older individuals.

Younger obese patients may experience greater benefits from bariatric surgery regarding atrial fibrillation risk.

Energy balance was correlated with fat balance in men (r = 0.79, P < 0.0001) and women (r = 0.72, P < 0.0001).

Practitioners should consider the strong correlation between energy and fat balance when assessing dietary impacts.

Women engaged in higher amounts of recent total physical activity (≥27 MET-h/wk) were at lower breast cancer risk (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.78-0.93).

Encouraging higher levels of physical activity may help reduce breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women.

Brisk walking was associated with lower breast cancer risk (per 20 MET-h/wk: HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.84-0.98).

Encouraging brisk walking can be an effective strategy to lower breast cancer risk.

Patients treated with SGLT2 inhibitors have reported weight loss of around 1 to 3 kg.

Clinicians can expect modest weight loss in patients using SGLT2 inhibitors.

Common variables in definitions of sarcopenia include appendicular lean soft tissue mass, grip strength, and gait speed.

Understanding these variables can help practitioners assess sarcopenia more effectively.

Different proteins can affect the amplitude and duration of MPS increases after feeding.

Choosing the right type of protein can optimize muscle protein synthesis post-meal.

Weight loss achieved through GLP-1–based antiobesity medications affects weight regain, fat-free mass, and skeletal muscle mass in people with obesity.

Practitioners should consider the impact of GLP-1 medications on body composition when managing obesity.

A higher proportion of SNAP participants had poor diet scores compared to income-eligible nonparticipants and higher-income individuals, with 53.5% of SNAP participants scoring poorly.

SNAP participants may require additional support to improve their diet quality.

Bariatric surgery was associated with a lower incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with cardiovascular disease and obesity, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.58.

Bariatric surgery may significantly reduce the risk of serious cardiovascular events in obese patients with heart disease.

Different diets may change hormonal secretion, gut-brain signaling, and influence hunger, satiety, and energy expenditure.

Dietary recommendations should consider the hormonal and signaling effects on appetite and energy balance.

Wegovy rose from 989 in 2021 to 2992 in 2022.

The increase in Wegovy usage suggests a rising interest in GLP-1 receptor agonists for weight loss.

The monthly growth rates were 83.9% for Ozempic and 119.2% for Wegovy.

High monthly growth rates indicate a significant trend towards the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists for weight loss.

Dietary intake of marine omega-3 PUFAs and replacing SFAs with plant MUFAs or linoleic acid were associated with lower total, CVD, and certain cause-specific mortality.

Incorporating these fats into the diet may reduce mortality risk.