Browse the evidence

Statins are usually recommended as first-line treatment for dyslipidaemia.

Clinicians should consider statins as the first option for managing dyslipidaemia.

Adverse measures of body composition in individuals of any weight can also confer increased breast cancer risk.

Practitioners should assess body composition in addition to BMI when evaluating breast cancer risk.

Insulin sensitizers such as PPARγ (pioglitazone) and pan-PPARs agonists (lanifibranor) have shown beneficial effects on both NASH and liver fibrosis.

Consider insulin sensitizers as part of the treatment plan for NASH and liver fibrosis.

No significant pre-to-post intervention increases in muscular endurance were observed in either training group.

Practitioners should note that increased training frequency may not enhance muscular endurance.

A federal junk food tax appears feasible based on product categories or combination category-plus-nutrient approaches.

Policymakers can consider implementing a junk food tax using defined product categories or nutrient criteria.

US junk food tax bills and laws support taxing foods using category-based, nutrient-based, or combination approaches.

Legislators can draw from existing models to design effective tax policies.

Federal taxing mechanisms, particularly manufacturer excise taxes on alcohol, provide informative models for a junk food tax.

Tax policymakers can utilize existing excise tax frameworks to structure a junk food tax.

The hazard ratio of type 2 diabetes per increment of 10 risk alleles in the polygenic risk score is 1.64 (95% CI 1.54 to 1.75).

Genetic predisposition significantly increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Increasing monounsaturated fat intake in place of carbohydrates is associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes (hazard ratio 1.10 per 5% of energy).

Increasing monounsaturated fats instead of carbohydrates may elevate the risk of type 2 diabetes.

MIP supplements were not found to be superior when directly compared with protein-only (PRO) supplements.

Practitioners should consider that while MIP supplements are effective, they do not provide additional benefits over traditional protein-only supplements.

Overall mean CBF was 6% greater for the ILI group than the diabetes support and education (DSE) group.

The ILI group shows improved cerebral blood flow, suggesting benefits of intensive lifestyle changes.

The LCT genotype with 1 or 2 T allele was significantly associated with higher dairy intake and higher BMI.

Genetic factors may influence how dairy intake affects BMI.

Endothelial dysfunction is associated with hypercholesterolemia and obesity.

Understanding endothelial dysfunction can help in the treatment of CVD risk factors.

Micronutrients like polyphenols, carotenoids, and vitamins affect oxidative stress, endothelial function, and lipid and glucose homeostasis.

Encouraging the intake of micronutrient-rich foods may support cardiovascular health.

Various surgical treatment options for obesity and metabolic disease should be discussed with patients.

Practitioners should ensure that patients are informed about all surgical options available for their condition.

Prolonged, intense weight-bearing exercise can increase intestinal permeability but effects are transient.

While intense exercise can temporarily affect gut health, these effects are not long-lasting.

Semaglutide treatment resulted in lower rates of non-CV death, primarily due to fewer infectious deaths (HR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.51-0.98).

Reducing infectious deaths may be a significant benefit of semaglutide in this population.

Among participants who developed COVID-19, those treated with semaglutide had fewer COVID-19-related serious adverse events and deaths (HR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.44-0.96).

Semaglutide may provide protective benefits against severe outcomes from COVID-19 in this population.

Limiting nutrient exposure in the duodenum exerts powerful metabolic effects.

Practitioners should consider the metabolic benefits of nutrient exposure management.

The cost needed to treat per 1% of body weight reduction with tirzepatide is estimated at $985 compared with $1845 with semaglutide.

Tirzepatide is more cost-effective for achieving weight loss in this population.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients are at an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Healthcare providers should be aware of the increased cardiovascular risks in T2DM patients.

Trials integrating smartphone use exhibited significantly greater racial minority enrollment than trials that did not.

Incorporating smartphone technology in behavioral weight loss trials may enhance minority participation.

SGLT2 inhibitors reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes.

SGLT2 inhibitors can be considered in treatment plans to improve cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic patients.

SGLT2 inhibitors may slow the progression of chronic kidney disease in high-risk individuals with type 2 diabetes.

SGLT2 inhibitors should be considered for patients at risk of chronic kidney disease.