Browse the evidence

Designer drugs using mono, dual, and triple agonists of GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon can promote weight loss without effort.

Practitioners may consider these drugs as potential options for patients struggling with obesity.

There are fundamental biological principles that raise questions about the therapies for obesity.

Practitioners should be aware of the complexities and potential limitations of obesity therapies.

The question of ideal macronutrient composition for metabolic syndrome is difficult to address and control in clinical practice.

Recognize the complexities involved in dietary recommendations for metabolic syndrome.

Muscle tissue protein synthesis and breakdown rates range between 1% and 2% across the day in vivo in humans.

Understanding the turnover rates can help in designing effective training and nutrition strategies.

Testosterone replacement therapy significantly improved insulin resistance as measured by HOMA-IR from 4.6 ± 1.7 to 0.5 ± 0.2 (P < 0.001).

Testosterone replacement therapy may be effective in improving insulin sensitivity in hypogonadal patients.

The blood lactate response was not different among the 3 rest interval conditions investigated.

Rest intervals do not significantly affect blood lactate levels, allowing flexibility in training protocols.

Human body weight is physiologically regulated and maintained within a relatively narrow range in most mammals, including humans.

Understanding body weight regulation can inform strategies for managing obesity.

Difficulties in achieving body weight loss and maintenance in obese subjects are partly due to physiological regulatory systems that resist weight loss.

Recognizing these physiological challenges can guide effective weight loss strategies.

Whey protein supplementation does not accelerate recovery of muscle function following eccentric exercise.

Practitioners should consider that whey protein may not be effective for recovery after eccentric exercise.

Muscle soreness, CK, and CRP showed a transient increase over time with no differences between groups.

Both whey protein and carbohydrates do not significantly affect muscle soreness or inflammation post-exercise.

Novel antidiabetic medications have demonstrated cardiovascular safety and benefits by reducing major adverse cardiac events, improving heart failure, and decreasing CVD-related mortality.

Practitioners should consider novel antidiabetic medications for patients with diabetes and coronary artery disease to improve cardiovascular outcomes.

Metformin shows CVD protective properties for DM-induced atherosclerotic and macrovascular complications.

Metformin should be considered as a first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes to protect against cardiovascular complications.

Insulin monotherapy for T2DM treatment increases the risk of major CV events and deaths from HF compared to metformin.

Practitioners should be cautious when prescribing insulin monotherapy for type 2 diabetes due to increased cardiovascular risks.

Restricting dietary carbohydrates does not offer a metabolic advantage for burning more calories to maintain lost weight.

Diet composition may not significantly impact energy expenditure for weight maintenance.

Blood flow restriction (BFR) without an associated exercise stimulus does not attenuate muscle size and strength losses during detraining.

BFR alone is insufficient to maintain muscle size and strength without ongoing exercise.

Both legs in the control (CON) and BFR conditions experienced significant reductions in quadriceps cross-sectional area (QCSA) and 1 repetition maximum (1RM) during the detraining period.

Detraining leads to significant losses in muscle size and strength, regardless of BFR application.

Post-exercise changes in proteins reflective of protein synthesis were similar between groups, though some mRNA exhibited exercise order-dependent responses.

Understanding the molecular responses can help tailor exercise programs for optimal protein synthesis.

No additive effect of the multi-ingredient supplement (SUPP) was detected on vastus lateralis muscle CSA.

The effects of multi-ingredient supplements may vary by muscle group, highlighting the need for targeted approaches.

Steep weight loss postintervention was associated with increased risk of mortality.

Healthcare providers should be cautious of rapid weight loss in older patients with diabetes.

Patients with higher baseline HbA1C had 9% reduced odds (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.85–0.97) of experiencing weight loss.

Practitioners should monitor HbA1C levels as they may impact weight loss efforts in T2D patients.

Obesity is a global epidemic and a significant public health challenge.

Recognize obesity as a critical issue in public health.

Current anti-obesity medications (AOMs) include gastrointestinal lipase inhibitors, nutrient-stimulated hormone-based therapies, and emerging multi-receptor agonists.

Consider these AOMs in obesity treatment strategies.

Obesity promotes the onset of atrial fibrillation (AF) through several pathways.

Understanding these pathways can help in developing targeted interventions for AF in obese patients.

Gastrointestinal tract adverse events were reported by 63.4% of participants on semaglutide.

Practitioners should monitor for gastrointestinal side effects in patients taking semaglutide.