Browse the evidence

AOMs have established efficacy and effectiveness for weight loss even beyond 52 weeks.

Practitioners can consider AOMs as effective long-term options for weight management.

Clinical data supporting the use of various FDA-approved medications for weight loss are presented.

Practitioners can rely on clinical data when prescribing FDA-approved weight loss medications.

Medication options are available to treat obesity, which can help reduce appetite and/or reduce caloric intake.

Practitioners can consider pharmacological treatments to assist patients in managing obesity.

GLP-1 receptor agonists have been successfully used in the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes.

GLP-1 receptor agonists can be considered as a treatment option for patients with obesity and T2DM.

For trials with a mean BMI ≥35, LDL cholesterol decreased by 7 mg/dL on a low-carbohydrate diet.

Practitioners should note that low-carbohydrate diets may lower LDL cholesterol in individuals with high BMI.

High total protein intake is associated with low CVD morbidity (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.82-0.94).

Encouraging higher protein intake may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

The treatment with GLP-1 RA resulted in a reduction in the risk of any cardiovascular event with a relative risk of 0.81.

The relative risk indicates a significant benefit of GLP-1 RA in reducing cardiovascular events.

Supplemental protein from whey and pea increased integrated myofibrillar protein synthesis (MPS) rates to 1.59 ± 0.11 %/d and 1.59 ± 0.14 %/d respectively, compared to the RDA of 1.46 ± 0.09 %/d for whey and 1.46 ± 0.10 %/d for pea.

Practitioners should consider whey and pea protein supplements for older males to enhance muscle protein synthesis.

Supplemental protein improved anabolic signaling and integrated MPS in older males.

Incorporating protein supplements into meals can enhance muscle health in older adults.

Tirzepatide has shown greater clinical efficacy in reducing HbA1c and body weight compared with placebo or selective GLP-1 RAs.

Tirzepatide may be a more effective option for managing HbA1c and body weight in patients compared to existing therapies.

Semaglutide therapy resulted in a 62.9% resolution of MASH without worsening of fibrosis compared to 34.3% in placebo (p <0.001).

Clinicians can consider semaglutide as an effective treatment option for MASH with moderate-to-advanced fibrosis.

Lifestyle modification remains the cornerstone of MASLD/MASH management alongside semaglutide.

Practitioners should emphasize lifestyle changes in addition to pharmacotherapy for optimal management.

For diabetes remission in newly diagnosed diabetes (NDD), the recommended macronutrient composition is 49-54% carbohydrates, 19-20% protein, and 21-26% fat.

Practitioners should consider these macronutrient ratios when advising patients with newly diagnosed diabetes.

For prediabetes (PD) remission to normal glucose tolerance (NGT), the recommended macronutrient composition is 50-56% carbohydrates, 18-20% protein, and 21-27% fat.

Practitioners should consider these macronutrient ratios when advising patients with prediabetes.

To prevent progression to type 2 diabetes (T2D) in prediabetes and normal glucose tolerance groups, the recommended macronutrient compositions are 54-57% carbohydrates, 16-20% protein, and 20-24% fat for prediabetes, and 56-60% carbohydrates, 14-17% protein, and 20-24% fat for normal glucose tolerance.

Practitioners should consider these macronutrient ratios when advising patients at risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Obesity increases the risk for Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease.

Healthcare providers should prioritize weight management in patients with cardiovascular disease.

Recent guidelines prioritize pharmacologic interventions for weight management in Type 2 diabetes.

Healthcare providers should consider pharmacologic options for weight management in diabetic patients.

Replacing 5% energy from animal fat with 5% energy from plant fat is associated with a 4% to 24% reduction in overall mortality and a 5% to 30% reduction in CVD mortality.

Encouraging dietary fat substitution can significantly reduce mortality risks.

Full ROM and pROM performed in the initial part of the ROM elicited greater muscle hypertrophy of the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, biceps brachii, and brachialis distal sites (between-groups ES: 0.20-0.90) than pROM performed in the final part of the ROM.

When designing resistance training programs for hypertrophy, consider using full ROM and initial pROM for optimal muscle growth.

fROM elicited greater muscle growth on the gluteus maximus and adductors than pROM in the final part of the ROM (between-groups ES: 0.24-0.25).

Incorporate full ROM exercises for targeting gluteus maximus and adductors for better hypertrophy outcomes.

Initial pROM produced more favorable proximal rectus femoris hypertrophy than fROM (between-groups ES: 0.35-0.38).

Utilize initial pROM for enhancing hypertrophy of the proximal rectus femoris in training programs.

Resistance exercise is often as effective as aerobic exercise for many aspects of health.

Health and fitness professionals should consider resistance exercise as a primary form of exercise for health benefits.

Resistance exercise participation can benefit several health aspects including cardiorespiratory health, vascular health, muscle oxidative capacity, mental health, muscle hypertrophy, strength, and power.

Encourage clients to engage in resistance exercise for a wide range of health benefits.

Strategies like monitoring, action planning, and highlighting benefits can help clients stick to their resistance exercise program.

Implement these strategies to enhance client adherence to resistance exercise.