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Tirzepatide produced meaningful weight loss across groups, but outcomes varied based on weight-reduction status and T2D status.

Practitioners should consider individual patient factors when prescribing tirzepatide for weight loss.

GLP-1/dual agonists were associated with a 54% lower incidence of physician-reported sleep apnea (PRSA).

Practitioners may consider GLP-1/dual agonists as a treatment option to reduce the incidence of sleep apnea in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Liraglutide, dulaglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide individually reduced the incidence of PRSA compared to the reference arm.

Each GLP-1/dual agonist may be effective in reducing sleep apnea incidence, offering multiple treatment options.

There was a 79% lower incidence of positive airway pressure reports in the GLP-1/dual agonist group compared to controls.

The use of GLP-1/dual agonists may lead to fewer patients requiring positive airway pressure therapy.

The S3 guideline for the prevention and treatment of obesity includes new recommendations on stigmatization, diagnostics, and therapy, incorporating areas like E-Health.

Practitioners should consider the new recommendations in their approach to obesity treatment.

Cricket protein ingestion results in higher postprandial blood amino acid concentration compared to beef protein.

Insect protein may be more effective than some traditional animal proteins for amino acid delivery.

There is no difference in skeletal muscle anabolism between insect and animal protein sources.

Both insect and animal proteins can be used interchangeably for muscle building.

Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists hold great promise to reverse some cancer risk in people living with obesity.

GLP-1 receptor agonists may be considered in obesity management to potentially reduce cancer risk.

There are no significant differences in muscle mass and strength gains between consuming protein three or five times a day.

Practitioners can advise that both three and five protein meals are effective for muscle gain.

Adherence to recommended dosage and seeking medical advice regarding possible side effects/interactions is recommended.

Practitioners should advise patients to follow dosage guidelines and consult healthcare providers.

Liraglutide reduced global eating disorder risk scores.

Practitioners may consider liraglutide as a treatment option for reducing eating disorder risk in patients with obesity or Type 2 diabetes.

Food cravings improved or remained unchanged following liraglutide and semaglutide treatment.

Practitioners should be aware that while some patients may experience reduced cravings, others may not see changes.

PAP+semaglutide was associated with lower incident pulmonary hypertension (PH) at 1 year (RR:0.45) and at 3 years (RR:0.50), and lower mortality at 1 year (RR:0.35) and 3 years (RR:0.37).

Incorporating GLP-1 receptor agonists like semaglutide may enhance treatment outcomes for obese patients with OSA on PAP.

Maximum strength increased marginally significantly by 4.6 kg during the intervention.

Practitioners can expect modest strength improvements with low-intensity training in this population.

Creatine supplementation demonstrated non-significant effects on muscle strength (SMD = 0.03, 95% CI: -0.35, 0.42) but yielded the most pronounced improvement in muscle mass (MD = 2.18, 95% CI: 0.92, 3.44).

Creatine may be beneficial for increasing muscle mass in older adults, but its effect on strength is not significant.

The weekend warrior (WW) physical activity pattern is associated with significantly lower odds of sarcopenia compared to regularly active (RA) individuals (OR 0.25; 95% CI, 0.11-0.56).

Promoting weekend high-intensity workouts may be beneficial for older adults to lower sarcopenia risk.

A gradual decrease in total body fat and no decrease in appendicular lean mass (ALM) are significantly independently associated with higher cognitive scores compared with other trajectories.

Weight loss strategies should focus on reducing body fat while preserving lean mass to support cognitive health.

Differences in cognitive score were large for sarcopenia, but not for obesity.

Addressing sarcopenia may be crucial for maintaining cognitive function in this population.

Weight loss approaches that preserve ALM and function may lead to reduced cognitive decline compared with weight loss alone.

Practitioners should consider strategies that maintain lean mass during weight loss to support cognitive health.

Responders to the PF regimen exhibited enhanced metabolic flexibility compared to non-responders.

Personalized dietary interventions may enhance metabolic flexibility in patients with T2D.

Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists consistently reduce three-point major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with overweight, obesity, and established cardiovascular disease (CVD) with and without diabetes.

Practitioners can consider glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists as effective treatments for reducing cardiovascular events in eligible patients.

Semaglutide and tirzepatide improve symptoms and functional capacity in obesity-related heart failure of preserved ejection fraction and reduce worsening heart failure events.

Practitioners can use semaglutide and tirzepatide to improve heart failure symptoms in patients with obesity.

Metabolic bariatric surgery is associated with durable weight loss and lower observed rates of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), heart failure, and all-cause mortality compared with non-surgical care.

Practitioners can consider metabolic bariatric surgery as an effective option for achieving weight loss and reducing cardiovascular risks.

A median SPAN score (52.8) was associated with a 41% lower risk of MACE (HR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.70).

Practitioners should aim for a balanced SPAN score to lower cardiovascular event risk.