Browse the evidence

The low to high frequency ratio of heart rate power does not differ between hypocretin-deficient narcoleptics and controls (p = 0.48).

The balance of autonomic control, as measured by this ratio, is similar in both groups.

Sequence variation in at least six genes is linked to increased body fatness and/or susceptibility to obesity in humans.

Genetic testing may help identify individuals at higher risk for obesity.

Five genes are linked to disproportionate fat storage in the abdominal region.

Understanding genetic predispositions can inform strategies for managing abdominal obesity.

Participants with microvascular disease (MVD) have a 2.5-fold higher risk of incident heart failure (HF) than those without MVD.

Healthcare providers should monitor heart health closely in patients with MVD.

The Look-AHEAD study found no impact on diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment or dementia in patients with T2DM.

Practitioners should be aware that intensive lifestyle interventions may not improve cognitive outcomes in T2DM patients.

Only 14% of published model-based health economic assessments in obesity performed external event validation.

Practitioners should be aware that a majority of economic models in obesity lack external validation.

Published obesity models lack information on the predictive quality and validity of the applied event simulation approaches.

There is a need for improved validation processes in obesity economic modeling.

The association between T2D subgroups and MCI/PD was not modified by the Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) lifestyle intervention.

Lifestyle interventions may not be sufficient to alter cognitive decline risks in certain T2D subgroups.

The Veteran did not lose weight during the nine-session intervention.

Practitioners should be aware that weight loss may not occur even with structured interventions in this population.

Concerns over ultra-processed foods were part of the holistic and environmental health movements of the 1970-80s.

Understanding the historical advocacy can inform current discussions on nutrition and health.

The discussion of ultra-processed foods in lay media and academic articles often overlooks historical advocacy and clinical work.

Practitioners should be aware of the historical context to better address misconceptions in current discussions.

An indirect effect of T2DM on less improvement in verbal memory was mediated by monohexylceramide C16 : 1.

Interventions aimed at improving memory in T2DM patients may need to consider sphingolipid levels.

An indirect effect of T2DM on less visuospatial memory improvement was mediated by ceramide C22 : 0 concentrations.

Practitioners should monitor ceramide levels when addressing visuospatial memory in T2DM patients.

The Kinovea software and Open Barbell System (OBS) do not agree for measurement of average concentric velocity (ACV), peak concentric velocity (PCV), and range of motion (ROM) during the squat and bench press.

Practitioners should be cautious in using Kinovea for measuring ACV, PCV, and ROM as it does not align with the validated OBS measurements.

Large limits of agreement were observed in all Bland-Altman plots, indicating a lack of agreement between devices.

Practitioners should be aware of the variability in measurements when using these devices.

MitoQ supplementation did not impact mitochondrial respiration or H2O2 emission in the presence of ADP.

MitoQ does not enhance mitochondrial function during exercise in older adults.

MitoQ supplementation did not alter acute exercise-induced redox responses in skeletal muscle.

MitoQ does not affect redox signaling during acute exercise in older adults.

HbA1C levels increase alongside the duration of illness in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Practitioners should monitor HbA1C levels to assess disease progression in diabetic patients.

No significant associations with cognitive function were found for physical activity or adiposity.

Physical activity and adiposity may not be effective targets for improving cognitive function in this population.

Individuals in the younger onset T2D subgroup have the lowest risk for peripheral neuropathy.

Younger individuals with T2D may require different monitoring for PN risk.

The impact of intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) on peripheral neuropathy risk does not differ by T2D subgroups.

ILI may not be effective in reducing PN risk across different T2D subgroups.

Fasting is defined as voluntary abstinence from some or all foods or beverages for preventive, therapeutic, religious, cultural, or other reasons, distinguishing it from starvation which is involuntary and pathological.

To fast, you voluntarily abstain from food and/or beverages for a specific period. This is distinct from starvation, which is involuntary and harmful. Your motivation (health, religion, culture) defines the context, but the core action is voluntary abstinence.

Short-Term Fasting (STF) is defined as fasting regimens with a duration of 2–3 days, while Prolonged Fasting (PF) refers to regimens lasting 4 or more consecutive days.

If you fast for 2-3 days, it is Short-Term Fasting (STF). If you fast for 4 or more consecutive days, it is Prolonged Fasting (PF). Choose based on your experience and goals.

Orosensory signals (taste and oral contact) activate PRLH neurons in the caudal nucleus of the solitary tract (cNTS) to inhibit feeding on a seconds-timescale, thereby controlling the duration of feeding bursts.

Eating slowly and paying attention to the taste and texture of food engages specific brain circuits (PRLH neurons) that signal satiety within seconds. This neural feedback loop helps you stop eating sooner by reducing the size of each bite or 'bout' of eating, rather than waiting for your stomach to feel full.