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Both IF and KD enhance insulin sensitivity, promote autophagy, reduce inflammation, and activate energy-regulating pathways (AMPK) while inhibiting mTOR.

Understanding these mechanisms can help practitioners explain the benefits of IF and KD to patients.

There was a significant main effect for time on raw RIRDIFF, indicating a slight decrease in raw RIRDIFF over time.

Trainers may observe that RIR predictions become slightly more accurate over time with consistent training.

There was a greater tendency to underestimate RIR in later sessions and during higher repetition sets.

Coaches should be aware that athletes may underestimate their RIR as training progresses.

Male individuals lost a significantly larger proportion of weight as lean soft tissue (LST) compared to female individuals, with means of 0.33 kg and 0.25 kg respectively.

Practitioners should consider gender differences in body composition changes during weight loss interventions.

Bone mineral content (BMC) increased during the weight loss period, leading to a smaller reduction in fat-free mass (FFM) compared to LST.

Practitioners should note the increase in BMC during weight loss, which may influence overall body composition assessments.

The composition of weight loss tracked as predicted a priori from weight change and baseline body composition.

Practitioners can use baseline body composition to predict changes during weight loss interventions.

Quality of life outcomes generally showed improvements with incretin-based therapies (IBTs).

Clinicians can expect improvements in quality of life for patients using IBTs.

Higher ultraprocessed grain intake is associated with increased risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with participants consuming ≥19 g/d having a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.86 compared to those consuming <9 g/d.

Practitioners should advise minimizing ultraprocessed grain consumption to reduce IBD risk.

Fresh bread and rice consumption are associated with lower IBD risk.

Encouraging the consumption of fresh bread and rice may be beneficial for gut health.

Participants with greater ultraprocessed food intake (≥5 servings per day) are linked to a higher risk of developing IBD, with a hazard ratio of 3.95 compared to those consuming <1 serving per day.

Reducing ultraprocessed food intake may lower the risk of IBD.

Understanding patient concerns about the risks of obesity treatment is essential to addressing obesity treatment inertia.

Addressing these concerns may help improve treatment adherence and outcomes.

Baseline body fat percentage was significantly associated with weight gains (r = 0.57) and fat mass gains (r = 0.59) during an 8-week high-fat overfeeding intervention.

Practitioners should consider baseline body fat percentage when assessing weight gain responses to overfeeding.

Body fat percentage was inversely associated with the energy cost of weight (r = -0.38) and fat mass (r = -0.40) gains.

Higher body fat percentage may indicate lower energy efficiency in gaining weight.

Semaglutide improved glycemic control, with HbA1c decreasing by 0.4 ± 0.6%.

Semaglutide may be a beneficial treatment for improving glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes.

1 kg/m² lower BMI via the GIP/GIPR score is associated with 29% lower risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).

Targeting GIP receptor pathways may significantly reduce cardiovascular event risk.

1 kg/m² lower BMI via the GIP/GIPR score is associated with 43% lower risk of heart failure.

Targeting GIP receptor pathways may significantly reduce heart failure risk.

Genetic proxies for body weight reduction via GIP receptor targeting reduces the risk of MACE and heart failure, mediated partly through lower BMI and partly through lower HbA1c.

Understanding GIP receptor pathways can inform strategies for reducing cardiovascular risks.

Semaglutide users experienced modest weight reductions ranging from 0.42 kg to 1.16 kg.

Practitioners may consider Semaglutide for modest weight loss in type 2 diabetes management.

The study identified key themes for safe practices in BMT, including psychological health, sleep apnea, cardiovascular disease, liver health, and dietetic assessment.

Practitioners should consider these health factors when evaluating patients for BMT.

Lifestyle intervention alone is typically associated with approximately 2%-5% weight loss at 1 year of follow-up.

Practitioners should set realistic weight loss expectations for patients relying solely on lifestyle changes.

Bariatric surgery has the greatest degree of expected weight loss, at around 20%-30% at 1 year.

Bariatric surgery may be the most effective option for patients needing significant weight loss.

Menopause is associated with weight gain and a predisposition to obesity in women.

Practitioners should be aware of the increased risk of weight gain in menopausal women.

Women begin to lose lean mass during menopause, leading to an increase in fat mass.

Practitioners should monitor body composition changes in menopausal women.

Targeted antiobesity medications (AOM) have demonstrated significant weight loss and improved quality of life in patients with specific genetic obesity disorders.

Practitioners should consider targeted AOMs for patients with genetic obesity disorders to improve weight management and quality of life.