Browse the evidence

Plasma essential amino acid concentrations increased after protein ingestion, but did not differ between recombinant bovine β-lactoglobulin (rBLG) and whey.

Both rBLG and whey can effectively increase amino acid levels post-ingestion, making them viable protein sources.

Calcium release statistically improved with an 8 mg • kg -1 dose of caffeine compared to both a 6 mg • kg -1 dose and placebo.

Enhancing calcium release through caffeine may be beneficial for strength training outcomes.

A vegan diet had a more pronounced impact on the innate immune system than a ketogenic diet.

Practitioners may consider vegan diets for enhancing innate immune responses.

A ketogenic diet had a more pronounced impact on B and T cell response compared to a vegan diet.

Practitioners may consider ketogenic diets for enhancing B and T cell responses.

A ketogenic diet significantly alters microbiome composition compared to a vegan diet.

Practitioners may consider the impact of ketogenic diets on gut microbiome composition.

Obesity can lead to skin diseases such as psoriasis and hidradenitis suppurativa.

Practitioners should be aware of the dermatological implications of obesity.

Obesity initiates the development of insulin resistance through increased adipose tissue size, inflammation, and ectopic fat deposition.

Understanding the role of obesity in insulin resistance can guide interventions.

Inflammation and fat accumulation are key drivers for losing insulin sensitivity.

Addressing inflammation and fat accumulation may improve insulin sensitivity.

Weight loss, regardless of the method used to achieve it, is inadvertently accompanied by lean body mass loss, to varying degrees.

Practitioners should be aware that weight loss methods may lead to loss of lean body mass.

The loss of lean body mass, including muscle, is a significant concern associated with weight loss treatments.

Practitioners should monitor muscle mass during weight loss interventions.

Higher maximum semaglutide dose was associated with lower post-landmark risk of all-cause mortality (RR 0.42, p<0.001) and composite cardiovascular events (RR 0.51, p<0.001).

Practitioners should consider maximizing semaglutide dosage to enhance cardiovascular outcomes.

Semaglutide was associated with lower cardiovascular events than metformin, DPP-4 and SGLT2 inhibitors.

Semaglutide may be a preferable option for patients at risk of cardiovascular events compared to other medications.

Human obesity is associated with insulin resistance and results in metabolic abnormalities and cardiovascular complications.

Practitioners should recognize the link between obesity and insulin resistance when managing patients.

SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists demonstrate significant benefits beyond glucose control.

Practitioners should consider these medications for benefits beyond glycemic control.

There is a risk of excessive reduction in skeletal muscle mass (SMM) with GLP-1-based therapies.

Practitioners should monitor muscle mass in patients using GLP-1 therapies to mitigate risks of sarcopenia.

Cricket protein ingestion results in higher postprandial blood amino acid concentration compared to beef protein.

Insect protein may be more effective than some traditional animal proteins for amino acid delivery.

There is no difference in skeletal muscle anabolism between insect and animal protein sources.

Both insect and animal proteins can be used interchangeably for muscle building.

Creatine supplementation demonstrated non-significant effects on muscle strength (SMD = 0.03, 95% CI: -0.35, 0.42) but yielded the most pronounced improvement in muscle mass (MD = 2.18, 95% CI: 0.92, 3.44).

Creatine may be beneficial for increasing muscle mass in older adults, but its effect on strength is not significant.

The weekend warrior (WW) physical activity pattern is associated with significantly lower odds of sarcopenia compared to regularly active (RA) individuals (OR 0.25; 95% CI, 0.11-0.56).

Promoting weekend high-intensity workouts may be beneficial for older adults to lower sarcopenia risk.

High-protein diets (1.6 or 3.2 g kg−1 d−1) combined with resistance training (RT) or concurrent training (CT) for 16 weeks had no adverse effects on bone tissue parameters in resistance-trained males.

Practitioners can recommend high-protein diets for resistance-trained individuals without concern for negative effects on bone health.

There were significant time effects noted for the BMD of the pelvis and the BMC of the right ribs.

Practitioners should monitor bone health parameters over time in resistance-trained individuals on high-protein diets.

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) can help patients better manage their metabolic control during exercise.

Incorporating CGM technology can enhance exercise safety and effectiveness for diabetic patients.

High anabolic responders (HI) showed greater citrate synthase activity compared to low anabolic responders (LO) after 12 weeks of resistance exercise training (RET) with a significant main effect (HI>LO, p=0.018).

Practitioners should consider that individuals who respond better to resistance training may have enhanced mitochondrial function.

Myozenin-1 protein levels were up-regulated in the low anabolic responders (LO) after 12 weeks of RET.

This suggests that myozenin-1 could be a potential biomarker for assessing anabolic responses to resistance training.