Browse the evidence

Changes in skeletal muscle mass (SMM) are not associated with improvements in walking speed.

Improvements in walking speed may not require increases in muscle mass, focusing instead on strength and quality.

There were an estimated 1.73-2.20 million people with diabetes in Taiwan in 2014-2015.

Health practitioners should be aware of the significant prevalence of diabetes in Taiwan.

Future studies are needed to refine the conceptual model for smartphone technology in weight loss.

Practitioners and researchers should advocate for and participate in studies that explore smartphone technology's role in weight loss.

Conflicts of interest (COIs) from funders can introduce bias in nutritional evidence.

Practitioners should critically evaluate research findings for potential biases due to COIs.

Future randomized controlled trials should be of >12 months’ duration.

Longer studies are needed to fully assess the impact of carbohydrate restriction on glycaemic control.

There is a lack of data in female animal models or women regarding GLP-1 research.

More research is needed in female populations to understand GLP-1 effects.

Only 6.2% of the total population reported n-3 fatty acid supplement use, which did not alter median daily intake.

Practitioners should note that supplements are not widely used and do not significantly impact overall n-3 fatty acid intake.

The two methods (MF-BIA and DXA) were poor predictors of each other in regards to changes in segmental measurements.

Practitioners should be cautious when interpreting segmental measurements from these methods.

There were no cases of pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents.

While there is an increased risk of residual gastric content, the absence of pulmonary aspiration suggests a level of safety in this context.

Lifestyle interventions were not superior to usual care in reducing cardiovascular mortality (RR 0.99; 95% CI 0.79-1.23).

Practitioners should consider that lifestyle interventions may not significantly impact cardiovascular mortality in this population.

Lifestyle interventions were not superior to usual care in reducing all-cause mortality (RR 0.93; 95% CI 0.85-1.03).

Practitioners should note that lifestyle interventions may not significantly affect all-cause mortality in this population.

Subgroup, sensitivity, and meta-regression analyses showed no influence of various factors on mortality outcomes.

Practitioners should be aware that various factors did not affect the mortality outcomes in this study.

GLP-1 receptor agonist use was not associated with an increased risk of pulmonary aspiration compared to SGLT-2 inhibitor use.

Practitioners can consider GLP-1 receptor agonists safe regarding pulmonary aspiration risk before endoscopy.

No increased risk of pulmonary aspiration was observed among adults with type 2 diabetes using GLP-1 receptor agonists compared to SGLT-2 inhibitors.

This finding may influence preprocedural protocols for endoscopy in patients using GLP-1 receptor agonists.

Caloric restriction has a range of beneficial effects in nonhuman primates studied under laboratory conditions.

Caloric restriction may offer health benefits in nonhuman primates, indicating potential for similar effects in humans.

Long-term research on GI and weight regulation is needed.

Future studies should focus on the long-term effects of GI on weight management.

Tirzepatide and semaglutide are not cost-effective at current net prices, requiring significant discounts to meet cost-effectiveness thresholds.

Healthcare providers should consider the cost-effectiveness of these medications when making treatment decisions.

No changes were observed in any variable in the control group.

Regular activity without resistance training does not lead to changes in arterial stiffness or left ventricular mass.

Perioperative adverse events of metabolic surgery are similar to other gastrointestinal surgeries.

Surgeons and patients can expect a safety profile for metabolic surgery that is consistent with other gastrointestinal procedures.

No significant differences were noted in body composition components between groups.

Training volume may not significantly affect body composition in the early stages of resistance training.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide.

Healthcare practitioners should prioritize addressing CVD in their practice.

There is no consensus definition for 'failure' in resistance training literature.

Practitioners should be aware of the lack of standardization in training definitions when interpreting research.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) recurrence affects 40 to 73% of women.

Healthcare providers should be aware of the high recurrence rate of GDM in women.

There is a need for the development of safe and efficacious drug treatments for obesity.

There is an opportunity for researchers and pharmaceutical companies to explore new obesity treatments.