Browse the evidence

There are key knowledge gaps regarding long-term complications, microvascular and macrovascular events, and mortality associated with RYGB.

Further research is needed to understand the long-term risks associated with RYGB.

No statistically significant associations were identified for SGLT2 inhibitors regarding hematologic malignancy risk.

SGLT2 inhibitors may not pose a risk for hematologic malignancies, making them a safer choice in this regard.

Life expectancy in the United States has decelerated over the past 30 years compared to historical patterns.

Practitioners should be aware of the slowing growth in life expectancy when planning for health interventions.

Predictions suggest that life expectancy will continue to rise throughout this century due to advances in biomedical technology.

Health policymakers should consider potential future increases in life expectancy when designing age-related programs.

Some researchers predict that aging itself will soon be mastered by science, allowing people to live well beyond 100 years.

Practitioners should prepare for potential breakthroughs in aging research that could extend lifespan significantly.

Up to 40% of adults in the United States have metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).

Practitioners should be aware of the high prevalence of MASLD in adult patients.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis is now a leading indication for liver transplantation.

Healthcare providers should consider MASLD as a critical factor in liver transplant evaluations.

The quality of existing clinical evidence from anti-obesity trials generally ranges from low to moderate.

Practitioners should be cautious in interpreting the effectiveness of current anti-obesity medications due to the low to moderate quality of evidence.

Most trials suffered from publication bias.

Practitioners should be aware of potential biases in the published literature on anti-obesity drugs.

Additional higher-quality clinical trials are needed to gain more confidence in the estimate of the effect of currently used anti-obesity medicines.

Practitioners should advocate for and support the conduct of higher-quality trials to improve treatment options for obesity.

Ongoing research is crucial to confirm the long-term safety, effectiveness, and clinical role of these agents.

Practitioners should stay updated on research developments regarding these oral agents.

None of the four glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) or glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)/GLP-1RA therapies were cost-effective compared with lifestyle management.

Practitioners should consider lifestyle management as the most cost-effective option for treating obesity in this population.

No clinically relevant differences in generic health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were observed between sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Clinicians can expect similar HRQoL outcomes from both surgical options for patients with severe obesity.

Perioperative mortality for bariatric surgery averages 0.3% in accredited centers.

Practitioners can reassure patients about the low perioperative mortality risk in accredited facilities.

Change in accelerometry-measured MVPA at 1 year and self-reported change in PA at 1 and 4 years were not associated with CVD outcomes.

Self-reported PA changes may not be reliable indicators of CVD risk in this population.

The food industry generates close to $2 trillion in annual sales in the United States.

This indicates the significant economic impact of the food industry.

Food politics refers to how governments make decisions affecting food systems.

Understanding food politics is crucial for navigating food policy and industry dynamics.

Power over food production and consumption is distributed unequally, favoring large corporations.

This suggests that advocacy for equitable food policies is necessary.

Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is not significantly associated with mortality in men with type 2 diabetes.

Men with type 2 diabetes may require different monitoring strategies for mortality risk compared to women.

There was no association found between weight loss and improvement in FEV1 or FVC.

Weight loss from GLP-1 therapies may not lead to improvements in lung function, indicating the need for further investigation.

Side effects were common and led to discontinuation of the medication in 18.5% of patients.

Clinicians should monitor for side effects in patients on GLP-1 therapies, as they may affect treatment adherence.

The annual additional direct medical cost for Semaglutide was USD 4,086.82.

Practitioners should consider the high cost of Semaglutide when discussing treatment options.

Semaglutide would be cost-effective at a threshold of $120,000 per QALY gained if the annual cost were lowered by 18% to $7,055.

Reducing the cost of semaglutide could enhance its affordability and accessibility for patients.

Semaglutide is projected to increase annual health care spending by $23 billion.

Healthcare systems should prepare for increased spending associated with the adoption of semaglutide.