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High-carbohydrate overfeeding increases 24-hour energy expenditure (EE) more than high-fat or fasting diets, despite being associated with lower lipid oxidation.

If you are overfeeding, a high-carbohydrate diet may result in higher total energy expenditure than a high-fat diet. This does not mean high-carb is better for weight loss, but it does show that the body burns more total energy when processing high carbs in an overfed state.

Semaglutide reduced major adverse cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality.

Semaglutide may be recommended for patients at risk of cardiovascular events.

No serious adverse events were reported during the trial.

TRE and CR appear to be safe dietary strategies for weight loss in this population.

Tirzepatide showed a favourable safety profile, without increasing the risk of serious adverse events or impacting mortality rates.

Tirzepatide can be used safely in obesity management without significant risk of serious side effects.

Energy intake was greater during the ultra-processed diet by 508±106 kcal/d (p=0.0001).

Practitioners should be aware that ultra-processed diets can lead to higher calorie consumption.

Free-living total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) increased by ~4% in the 20 KKW group.

Increased exercise can enhance daily energy expenditure, which may aid in weight management.

Total energy expenditure (TEE) decreased significantly with caloric restriction.

Practitioners should be aware that caloric restriction leads to a significant decrease in total energy expenditure.

Lean mass constituted 25%–39% of total weight lost with incretin agonists: semaglutide (35.2%), tirzepatide (25.4%), and liraglutide (26.8%).

Incretin therapies can lead to significant lean mass loss during weight reduction.

Lifestyle interventions showed comparable proportional lean mass loss (26.2%) to incretin therapies (p = 0.42 for comparison).

Lifestyle interventions can be as effective as incretin therapies in preserving lean mass during weight loss.

NAFLD is a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Clinicians should consider NAFLD when assessing cardiovascular risk in patients.

The most likely environmental factor contributing to the current obesity epidemic is a continued decline in daily energy expenditure that has not been matched by an equivalent reduction in energy intake.

Public health efforts should focus on increasing physical activity to combat obesity.

Metabolic surgery is effective for producing sustained weight loss and treating hypertension in patients with severe obesity.

Metabolic surgery should be considered as a viable treatment option for severe obesity and associated hypertension.

Obesity has been declared a disease that results in impaired quality of life and reduced life expectancy.

Healthcare practitioners should recognize obesity as a disease and address its impact on patients' quality of life.

Two-thirds of obesity-related excess mortality is attributable to cardiovascular disease.

Efforts to reduce obesity should be prioritized to decrease cardiovascular disease mortality.

Obesity is underrecognized and sub-optimally addressed compared to other modifiable cardiovascular risk factors.

Clinicians should enhance their focus on obesity as a critical cardiovascular risk factor.

High-quality meta-evidence supports the association between total UPF consumption and higher T2D risk.

Practitioners should consider the quality of evidence when advising on dietary choices related to UPF.

The association between higher total whole grain intake and lower risk of type 2 diabetes was stronger in individuals who were lean compared to those who were overweight or obese.

Lean individuals may benefit more from whole grain consumption in terms of diabetes risk reduction compared to those who are overweight or obese.

Overall compliance at month-24 was 85%, with 90% in low-fat, 85% in Mediterranean, and 78% in low-carbohydrate diet.

Dietary adherence varies by diet type, which is important for practitioners to consider when recommending diets.

Physical activity is associated with subsequent reduction in energy intake.

Encouraging physical activity may help manage energy intake among individuals.

Higher training frequencies show a modest effect favoring muscle hypertrophy in non-volume-equated studies.

For those not equating volume, training more frequently may provide slight benefits for hypertrophy.

There are no significant differences in hypertrophic adaptations between training frequencies for upper body and lower body.

Training frequency can be adjusted without concern for differential effects on upper versus lower body hypertrophy.

Energy balance was correlated with fat balance in men (r = 0.79, P < 0.0001) and women (r = 0.72, P < 0.0001).

Practitioners should consider the strong correlation between energy and fat balance when assessing dietary impacts.

Patients treated with SGLT2 inhibitors have reported weight loss of around 1 to 3 kg.

Clinicians can expect modest weight loss in patients using SGLT2 inhibitors.

Common variables in definitions of sarcopenia include appendicular lean soft tissue mass, grip strength, and gait speed.

Understanding these variables can help practitioners assess sarcopenia more effectively.