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The SMM/ICW ratio did not change in either the creatine or placebo group.

Creatine does not affect the ratio of intracellular water to muscle mass in resistance-trained individuals.

There was no significant association between carbohydrate intake and mortality (p trend =0.69).

Carbohydrate intake may not be a significant factor in overall mortality for this demographic.

Dietary intake of total protein was not significantly associated with the risk of total coronary heart disease (CHD) and hypertension (HTN).

Total protein intake does not appear to increase the risk of CHD or HTN.

Dietary intake and biomarkers of total fat and saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids were not associated with the risk of coronary events.

Practitioners should note that total fat and specific fatty acids do not appear to influence coronary event risk.

Challenges to scaling FIM programs include incorporating them into health care business models and educating the health care workforce.

Stakeholders should focus on developing business models and training programs to effectively scale FIM interventions.

The rate of hospitalisations for SAP was 25.3% during the reference period before surgery.

Understanding pre-surgery hospitalisation rates can help gauge the impact of bariatric surgery.

The rate of hospitalisations for SAP remained stable in the 12-month presurgery period.

The stability of hospitalisation rates before surgery suggests a consistent health status in this population.

No recent or older studies show any effect of nutritional interventions on muscle protein gain.

Nutritional interventions may not be effective for muscle protein gain in ICU patients.

Existing pharmacologic formulations for obesity have not provided optimal clinical efficacy and have had many concerning adverse effects.

Practitioners should be aware of the limitations and adverse effects of current obesity pharmacotherapies.

Statistical guidance and study designs are necessary to measure treatment response heterogeneity in nutrition and obesity research.

Researchers should adopt appropriate statistical methods and study designs to accurately assess treatment responses.

Semaglutide treatment is not associated with higher rates of short-term adverse events after cervical spine decompression and fusion in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Practitioners can consider that semaglutide treatment does not increase short-term surgical risks in this patient population.

There are no statistically significant differences in the composite measure of postoperative surgical complications between semaglutide-treated patients and controls.

The findings suggest that semaglutide does not negatively impact surgical outcomes in this context.

The 30-day and 90-day readmission rates were similar between semaglutide-treated patients and controls.

This indicates that semaglutide does not increase the likelihood of readmission after surgery.

There is not yet sufficient evidence to leverage genetics or genomics to aid the treatment of obesity.

Practitioners should be cautious in applying genetic and genomic information for obesity treatment until more evidence is available.

The workshop fostered interdisciplinary collaboration among investigators.

Collaboration can lead to new research hypotheses and ideas in obesity treatment.

Supplementation with HMB (FA and Ca) or α‐HICA failed to enhance body composition to a greater extent than placebo.

Practitioners should not recommend HMB or α‐HICA for improving body composition in resistance training.

No statistically significant between-group or group‐by‐time interactions were observed.

The lack of significant interactions suggests that these supplements do not provide additional benefits over placebo.

The most frequent adverse events associated with retatrutide were gastrointestinal, including nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting.

Clinicians should monitor for gastrointestinal side effects when prescribing retatrutide.

The approval of semaglutide by the FDA was based on the results of clinical trials.

Practitioners can inform patients that semaglutide is FDA-approved for weight management based on clinical evidence.

The practical reality at the Rio 2016 Olympic Games consisted of a very low amount of choice for spectators and a large amount of high- and ultra-processed food.

Event organizers should ensure a wider variety of healthy food options at sporting events.

Rio 2016 organisers shaped the choice architecture so that the food and drink sold did not meet health definitions.

Organizers need to align food offerings with health standards to promote better dietary choices.

The number of persons with diabetes is projected to grow from 463 million to 700 million worldwide between 2019 and 2045.

Healthcare practitioners should prepare for a significant increase in diabetes cases.

90% of diabetes cases are type 2 diabetes.

Focus on type 2 diabetes management in clinical practice.

Neither whey protein supplementation nor exercise prevented changes in the disks in the spine.

Practitioners should note that while muscle atrophy can be mitigated, spinal disk changes may not be affected by these interventions.