Browse the evidence

Some people with HIV treated with antiretroviral therapy gain unhealthy amounts of weight and develop consequences of obesity.

Healthcare providers should monitor weight changes in PWH on ART.

Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was significantly reduced at 12 months but not at 24 months.

Monitoring HbA1c levels can help assess the effectiveness of dietary interventions in T2DM.

Blood lactate levels are slightly higher with longer rest intervals.

Higher blood lactate levels with longer rest may indicate increased metabolic stress during training.

Weight loss induced by a low-calorie diet resulted in an increase in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in both women and men by 12 nmol/L and 13 nmol/L respectively.

Weight loss through a low-calorie diet can improve vitamin D levels in individuals with obesity.

Further weight loss during the intervention had an additional beneficial impact on serum 25(OH)D in women.

Encouraging further weight loss in women may enhance vitamin D status.

Initial low serum 25(OH)D was associated with successful weight loss maintenance in women but not men.

Monitoring vitamin D levels may be important for weight loss maintenance strategies in women.

A significant proportion of patients with diabetes and hypertension experienced remission after ESG.

ESG may help improve metabolic health in overweight patients with these conditions.

Exercise-related energy compensation occurs independent of metabolic adaptation.

This indicates that practitioners should not expect metabolic adaptations to accompany energy compensation from exercise.

Semaglutide treatment led to larger reductions in glycated hemoglobin levels compared to the control group (−1.3% vs. −0.6%; P <0.001).

Semaglutide may improve glycemic control in patients post-ablation.

Delaying breakfast from 0700 h to 0930 h or 1200 h reduces postprandial glycaemia.

Practitioners can recommend delaying breakfast to improve glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Durable LVAD patients treated with GLP-1 RA had a significant weight reduction from 116 kg to 110 kg (p-value < 0.001).

GLP-1 RA may be effective for weight management in LVAD patients.

White rice intake is associated with a 18% increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) when comparing the highest with the lowest category of intake.

Practitioners should consider the potential increased risk of T2DM when advising on white rice consumption.

Every additional 150 grams of white rice intake per day is associated with a 6% greater risk of T2DM.

Increasing white rice intake may elevate T2DM risk, which should be considered in dietary recommendations.

Incretin-based anti-obesity medications are gaining interest for their potential role in preconception care.

Healthcare providers should consider the use of incretin-based medications in preconception counseling.

Ninety-day medical complications were significantly reduced in GLP-1 RA users across BMI categories ≥25.

Practitioners may consider GLP-1 RA use to reduce post-operative complications in obese patients.

Two-year surgical complications were lower among GLP-1 RA users in BMI 35 to 39.9 and ≥40 groups.

GLP-1 RA may be beneficial for reducing long-term surgical complications in higher BMI patients.

GLP-1 RA use was associated with significantly reduced risk of revision at 10 years in the 25.0 to 29.9 BMI group.

Consideration of GLP-1 RA may improve long-term surgical outcomes in patients with lower BMI.

Semaglutide improved lipid parameters, including reductions in LDL cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol levels.

Semaglutide may be beneficial for improving lipid profiles in patients with T2DM.

Lifestyle interventions demonstrate favorable effects on lipid metabolism independent of weight loss.

Encourage patients to adopt lifestyle changes for lipid management, even if weight loss is not achieved.

GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have been presumed to positively influence erectile function.

GLP-1 RAs may be considered in the management of erectile function in diabetic patients.

Combining medications with bariatric surgery may improve long-term outcomes for T2DM management.

Clinicians should consider integrating pharmacotherapy with surgical interventions for better management of T2DM.

The composition of weight loss tracked as predicted a priori from weight change and baseline body composition.

Practitioners can use baseline body composition to predict changes during weight loss interventions.

Genetic proxies for body weight reduction via GIP receptor targeting reduces the risk of MACE and heart failure, mediated partly through lower BMI and partly through lower HbA1c.

Understanding GIP receptor pathways can inform strategies for reducing cardiovascular risks.

Lifestyle intervention alone is typically associated with approximately 2%-5% weight loss at 1 year of follow-up.

Practitioners should set realistic weight loss expectations for patients relying solely on lifestyle changes.